A color temperature compensation apparatus includes a compensation table and a controller. The compensation table records a relationship between a plurality of compensation values and each of a plurality of gray-levels, wherein the relationship is established based on a plurality of color temperature compensation curves. The controller is coupled to the compensation table, and generates a plurality of compensation values by referring to the compensation table according to a gray-level of each of a plurality of image data and a reference color temperature. The controller further calculates each of a plurality of compensated image data according to the compensation values, wherein the color temperature compensation curves respectively correspond to a plurality of color temperatures.