This invention provides a sample processing system in which only one sample container is rested in one holder, the system being contemplated to prevent a mix-up of samples from occurring.A barcode labeler module 13 includes an identifier-reading device R1 that reads an identifier of a holder holding a primary-sample container, a printer 13B that prints a label based on information from a control PC unit 21 as well as on the identifier of the primary-sample container holder that has been read by the identifier-reading device R1, and affixes the label to a secondary-sample container, and a second identifier-reading device R2 that reads an identifier of the holder having the secondary-sample container mounted therein. A aliquoter module 14 includes an identifier-reading device R3 that reads the identifier of the holder conveyed from the barcode labeler module 13 and having the primary-sample container mounted therein, an identifier-reading device R4 that reads the identifier of the holder having the secondary-sample container mounted therein, and a aliquoter unit 14A that dispenses a sample from the primary-sample container into the secondary-sample container.