One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system that can determine a kurtosis diffusion orientation distribution function (dODF) that can, for example, be used with diffusional kurtosis imaging fiber tractography (DKI-FT). The system can include a non-transitory memory storing computer-executable instructions and a processor that executes the computer-executable instructions to perform the following operations. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data can be received. Based on the dMRI data, a diffusion tensor (DT) and a diffusional kurtosis tensor (DKT) can be determined. A kurtosis dODF can be determined for the dMRI data based on the DT and the DKT. The kurtosis dODF extends a Gaussian approximation of the DT to include non-Gaussian corrections of the DKT.