Embodiments of the invention provide a test method and a test apparatus for a transparent display device. The test apparatus for the transparent display device comprises: an optical measuring device disposed on one side of the transparent display device to be tested, and a reference object disposed on the other side of the transparent display device to be tested. A brightness of the transparent display device to be tested is adjustable, and the optical measuring device measures a display effect of the reference object through the transparent display device to be tested which is set to different brightness.