A mobile device includes a receiver to obtain three-dimensional geographic information identifying at least one open area and at least a height associated with at least one object adjacent to the at least one open area, determine at least one pathway in the open area, and determine expected line of sight and expected non-line of sight detections of satellite positioning system (SPS) signals at locations along the pathway based on the three dimensional geographic information. The mobile device includes a processing unit to estimate a location of the mobile device based on application of the expected line of sight detections and the non-line of sight detections to signals acquired at the receiver.