A portable drum-type banknote box and an ATM having the portable drum-type banknote box. The portable drum-type banknote box includes a shell, a large winding drum gear, a small winding drum gear, a connecting socket and a self-locking mechanism. The self-locking mechanism includes an electromagnet, a first spring, a second spring, a first locking rod, a second locking rod and a pull rod. The upper end of the pull rod is installed to the electromagnet in a paired mode, and the lower end of the pull rod is movably connected with the first locking rod. The portable drum-type banknote box has a small size and light weight, is convenient to assemble/disassemble and move and is capable of performing audit work on multiple ATMs; and achieves a locking function so as to effectively prevent the banknotes from being exposed and rolled out by human.