Problem to be SolvedIt is intended to provide a conductive resin composition that exhibits high conductivity even without being supplemented with a special resin or a third component, and a molded article obtained from the resin composition.SolutionThe conductive cellulose-based resin composition of the present invention comprises (A) an aliphatic cellulose ester and (B) at least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a multi-walled carbon nanotube, single-layer graphene, multi-layer graphene, fullerene, and carbon black. The volume resistivity of this conductive cellulose-based resin composition is, for example, 10−3 to 20 Ω·cm, preferably 10−3 to 1 Ω·cm. The content of the carbon material (B) is, for example, 0.5 to 80% by weight of the whole conductive cellulose-based resin composition.