Embodiments of the present invention provide a transmission data processing method and devices. The transmission data processing method includes: determining, by user equipment UE, processing indication information according to a type of buffered uplink data, and generating a buffer status report; and sending, by the UE, the buffer status report to a base station eNB, so that the eNB performs scheduling and uplink transmission resource allocation on the UE according to the processing indication information. The transmission data processing method and the devices provided in the embodiments of the present invention avoid a defect that air interface resources cannot be utilized appropriately and effectively when a granularity of a reported buffer status report is per logic channel group, thereby improving effects of scheduling and resource allocation that are performed on UE.