Provided are a low-temperature cooling apparatus and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor module. The low-temperature cooling apparatus includes an outer container; an inner container disposed inside the outer container, the inner container including a neck portion having a first diameter and a body portion having a second diameter greater than the first diameter; an insert inserted into the neck portion of the inner container; and a plurality of SQUID sensor modules inserted into the body portion of the inner container. Each of the SQUID sensor modules is in the form of a fan-shaped pillar and is fixedly coupled with an inner bottom plate of the inner container.