A method of quenching excited state energy from a pigment that has been excited by absorption of light having a wavelength in the wavelength range of 290-800 nm, comprising reacting a pigment with a conjugated fused tricyclic compound having electron withdrawing groups: of Formula (II) or a salt thereof: wherein: A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C═O, C═S, and B1, B2, D1, and D2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, CCl3, NR33+, NO2, CN, C(═O)R4, C(═O)OR1, SO2R5, aryl, and —C═CHR6; each m independently is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; n is 0 or 1; each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; each R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, O−, OH, NH2, and Cl; and, each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl.