Provided is a 3-dimensional (3D) image acquisition apparatus and a method of driving the same. The 3D image acquisition apparatus includes a light source, an optical shutter, an image sensor, an image signal processor, and a controller. The light source is configured to project illumination light on an object. The optical shutter is configured to modulate the illumination light reflected from the object with a predetermined gain waveform. The image sensor is configured to generate a depth image by detecting the illumination light modulated by the optical shutter. The image signal processor is configured to calculate a distance from the 3D image acquisition apparatus to the object using the depth image generated by the image sensor. The controller is configured to control an operation of the light source and an operation of the optical shutter.