For self-healing in a hash-based deduplication system using a processor device in a computing environment, deduplication digests of data and a corresponding list of the deduplication digests in a table of contents (TOC) are maintained for the self-healing of data that is lost or unreadable. The input data digests are compared to the TOC if directed to data that is lost or unreadable, and the input data digests are used to repair the one of lost and unreadable data.