A coal dropping impact energy buffer monitoring device and method for a coal mine belt conveying system. The device comprises a buffer belt roller group, a buffer bracket, buffer springs, impact energy collecting dampers, a signal converting and sending device, and an installation bottom board, the buffer belt roller group being fixed to the buffer bracket, the upper ends and the lower ends of the buffer springs and the impact energy collecting dampers being respectively connected to the buffer bracket and the installation bottom board, and the impact energy collecting dampers being connected to the signal converting and sending device fixed to the installation bottom board through guide lines.