Disclosed is an active main rotor blade vertical take-off and landing aircraft, at least comprising two main rotor blades. One end of each main rotor blade is connected to a middle connecting piece; the middle connecting piece is connected to a main rotor blade variable-pitch system; the tail end of each main rotor blade is provided with a thrust device or traction device for driving the main rotor blade to rotate; the thrust device or the traction device is rotationally connected to each main rotor blade by means of a mounting shaft provided at the tail end of the main rotor blade, and the axis of the mounting shaft coincides with or is parallel to the transverse axial direction of the main rotor blade; the thrust direction of the thrust device or the traction device is opposite to the rotating direction of each main rotor blade; a directional blade is fixedly connected to one side of the thrust device or the traction device; the directional blade is used for enabling the central line of a rotating shaft of the thrust device or the traction device to be parallel to the rotating surface of the tail end of each main rotor blade. The aircraft has the advantages that the structure is simple, the driving power for the main rotor blades can be reduced or the driving force for the main rotor blades can be improved, and torque of the main rotor blades caused by the gyroscopic effect can also be overcome.