A crawler-type steel wall climbing robot, comprising a housing (1), an attraction walking device (3), and a power supply control device (2). A primary frame (11) is provided in the housing, and a secondary frame (12) is fixed longitudinally in the middle of the primary frame (11); two attraction walking devices (3) are provided, and the two attraction walking devices (3) are respectively disposed at two sides of the secondary frame (12); the attraction walking device (3) comprises a worm gear motor (31), a rotating positioning plate (32), an attraction walking shell (33), a magnetic chain transmission mechanism (4), and a chain internal support mechanism (5), the rotating positioning plate (32) is rotatably connected between the primary frame (11) and a first positioning frame (121), and the worm gear motor (31) is connected in the rotating positioning plate (32); the attraction walking shell (33) comprises two first tension adjusting plate assemblies (7), a first master transmission gear assembly (34) and a second slave transmission gear assembly (35) are connected between the two first tension adjusting plate assemblies (7); the magnetic chain transmission mechanism (4) is sleeved on the outer ends of the first master transmission gear assembly (34) and second slave transmission gear assembly (35). The robot can automatically adapt to steel walls with different curvature radii, and has good stability during walking.