The present invention relates to a real-time monitoring and identification system based on the temperature measurement and positioning of bracelets, which system is characterized by comprising an identity card reader, a plurality of intelligent bracelets, a plurality of wireless node apparatuses installed in a crowd gathering place at intervals, and a cloud data processing unit. Each intelligent bracelet respectively comprises an inner-wrist temperature measurement sensor, a motion sensor, a Bluetooth sensor, a display light, a battery, a battery charging port, a vibration alarm and an embedded chip processor that are equipped in a water-proof wristband. The wireless node apparatuses are used for gathering sensing information of all intelligent bracelets in the nearby area. The cloud data processing unit acquires information of the temperature, position and motion state of a wearer. In conjunction with these pieces of information and by means of big data analysis, the system can intelligently identify the real-time body-temperature health state, motion state, regional activity state, grouping state, etc. of an individual and a group, and is particularly applicable to the monitoring of individuals and groups in various places, such as schools, communities and factories.