A ray inspection device (100) and a target inspection method. The ray inspection device (100) comprises: a support frame (1), wherein an inspection space (11) for inspecting a target (200) is formed in the support frame (1), and the inspection space (11) has an inlet (111) and an outlet (112) which are in communication with the outside; a conveyance channel (2) which carries the target (200) to move through the inspection space (11); a first shielding door curtain (3) and a second shielding door curtain (4) which are respectively mounted at the inlet (111) and the outlet (112); a driving mechanism (5) which is mounted on the supporting frame (1) and configured to drive, in response to the target (200) moving close to or away from at least one of the inlet (111) and the outlet (112), at least one of the first shielding door curtain (3) and the second shielding door curtain (4) so as to open or close at least one of the inlet (111) or the outlet (112). Since the driving mechanism (5) can drive the shielding door curtain to ascend or descend according to the target (200) moving close to or away from the shielding door curtains, it can be ensured that a light target (200) can smoothly enter the inspection space (11) for subsequent ray scanning.