Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for washing a raw mixture that is produced during the nitration of toluene following separation of the nitrating acid, and that contains dinitrotoluene, nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulphuric acid. Said method comprises two washing steps (WS-1iI) and (WS-II) in which i) in a first washing step (WS-1i), the raw mixture is extracted in a wash comprising at least one extraction stage, using a wash acid I that contains nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulphuric acid, the wash acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-1-1) of the first washing step (WS-1) having a total acid content of 20 to 40 wt.%, and a prewashed raw mixture being obtained, and ii) in a second washing step (WS-II), the prewashed raw mixture containing dinitrotoluene is extracted in a wash comprising at least one extraction stage, using a wash acid II, the wash acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-II-1) of the second washing step (WS-II) having a pH value of less than or equal to 4, and a mixture that contains dinitrotoluene and is substantially devoid of nitric acid, sulphuric acid and nitrogen oxides being obtained.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for continuous preparation of tolylenediamine by liquid phase hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene with hydrogen in the presence of a suspended nickel-containing catalyst in a reactor with a product removal unit connected downstream of the reactor to obtain a product output from the reactor comprising a liquid phase containing tolylenediamine and dinitrotoluene in which the nickel-containing catalyst is suspended, wherein the concentration of dinitrotoluene in the liquid phase of the product output from the reactor in the region between the reactor and the downstream product removal unit is adjusted to a value in the range from 1 to 200 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid phase of the product output from the reactor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst having a catalytically active substance, which contains a phase A and a phase B in the form of three-dimensionally extended delimited areas, phase A being a silver-vanadium bronze and phase B being a mixed oxide phase based on titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide. The catalyst is used for producing aldehydes, carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides from aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbons by gas-phase oxidation.
Abstract:
A process for scrubbing a crude mixture which is obtained in the nitration of toluene after separating off the nitrating acid and comprises dinitrotoluene, nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid, which comprises two scrubbing steps (WS-I) and (WS II), wherein i) in a first scrubbing step (WS-I), the crude mixture is extracted with a scrubbing acid I comprising nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid in a scrub comprising at least one extraction stage, where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-I-1) of the first scrubbing step (WS-I) has a total acid content of from 10 to 40% by weight and a content of from 80 to 350 ppm of hydrocyanic acid, giving a prescrubbed crude mixture, ii) in a second scrubbing step (WS-II), the prescrubbed crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene is extracted with a scrubbing acid II in a scrub comprising at least one, preferably at least 2, extraction stage(s), where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-II-1) of the second scrubbing step (WS-II) has a pH of less than or equal to 4, giving a dinitrotoluene-comprising mixture which is essentially free of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides and hydrocyanic acid and has a content of not more than 300 ppm of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides, not more than 3 ppm of sulfate and not more than 50 ppm of hydrocyanic acid.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a continuous method for producing at least one aromatic amine by hydrogenation of at least one nitroaromatic with hydrogen, wherein a liquid phase containing at least the aromatic amine and a gaseous phase containing at least hydrogen are present, in the presence of a catalyst suspended in the liquid phase, at a temperature of 50-250°C and a pressure of 5-0 bar. The pressure in the reactor is held substantially constant by continuously adjusting the quantity of hydrogen supplied to the reactor, the total amount of hydrogen supplied to the reactor is monitored and the supply of the at least one nitroaromatic is interrupted if the hydrogen uptake of the reactor does not amount to at least 50 mol% of the hydrogen quantity required for stoichiometric reaction of the at least one nitroaromatic to form the at least one aromatic amine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing aromatic amines by the catalytic hydration of the corresponding nitro compounds, particularly for producing toluylenediamine by the hydration of dinitrotoluene, characterized in that hydration catalysts are employed, in which a mixture of nickel, palladium and an addition element, selected from the group containing cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, chromium, platinum, iridium, gold, bismuth, molybdenum, selenium, tellurium, stannous, and antimony, is present as the active component on a carrier.