摘要:
A modulo reduction is performed on a value α represented as an ordered sequence of computer readable words. The lowest order words are eliminated by substituting an equivalent value represented by higher order words for each of the lower order words. The lowest order words are eliminated until the sequence has a word length corresponding to the modulus. Carries and borrows resulting from the substitution are propagated from lower order words to higher order words. Further reduction is performed to maintain the word length of the sequence to that of the modulus. The further reduction may be determined by examination of a carryover bit or may be performed a predetermined number of times without examination.
摘要:
L'invention concerne un circuit électronique de calcul (11) comportant un opérateur de multiplication (12) avec une entrée série, une entrée parallèle, et une sortie série, un premier registre (16) relié par sa sortie à l'entrée parallèle de l'opérateur, un deuxième registre (17) relié par sa sortie à l'entrée série de l'opérateur, un troisième registre (18), et un circuit de multiplexage pour relier sélectivement au moins une borne d'entrée de données et la sortie de l'opérateur aux entrées des premier, deuxième et troisième registres, et pour produire la sortie du circuit électronique de multiplication. Application aux opérations de multiplication, mise au carré, exponentiation et inversion modulaires sur GF(2 n ).
摘要:
A binary logic circuit for determining the ratio x / d in accordance with a rounding scheme, where x is a variable integer input of bit length w and d is a fixed positive integer of the form 2 n ± 1, the binary logic circuit being configured to form the ratio as a plurality of bit slices, the bit slices collectively representing the ratio, wherein the binary logic circuit is configured to generate each bit slice according to a first modulo operation for calculating mod (2 n ± 1) of a respective bit selection of the input x and in dependence on a check for a carry bit, wherein the binary logic circuit is configured to, responsive to the check, selectively combine a carry bit with the result of the first modulo operation.
摘要:
A modular-3 calculation method for binary number includes: determining whether two 1s consecutive from MSB exist in a binary number, when a target value for modular-3 calculation is inputted, and generating a first binary number by substituting the two ls with 0 whenever the consecutive two 1s exist; performing a modular-3 calculation on the first binary number; and determining the result of the modular-3 calculation.
摘要:
A hash unit for obtaining a hash value from hashing a set of parameters and a protocol parameter. The hash unit has a plurality of memory units for receiving the set of parameters and outputting a plurality of multiplication results, a first plurality of addition logics for receiving the plurality of multiplication results for outputting an addition result, and a second plurality of addition logics to generate the hash value wherein the hash value being equal to the addition result modulo a modulus constant.
摘要:
Bei einem Verfahren zur Bestimmung des modulo-Produktes P = (X · Y)mod(2 n + 1) sowie der modulo-Summe Q = (P + W)mod(2 n ) für binäre Zahlen X, Y und W der Länge n in normaler Zahlendarstellung wird P mittels Addition der partiellen Produkte bestimmt: Die partiellen Produkte PP, werden dabei erfindungsgemäss derart generiert, dass K konstant wird. Ebenso wird bei der "carry-propagate" Schlussaddition von P ein Carrybit erzeugt, das auch zur Berechnung der modulo-Summe Q verwendet wird, wodurch eine schnellere Berechnung von Q möglich wird. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich sowohl zur Verarbeitung binärer Zahlen in normaler Zahlendarstellung, als auch zur Verarbeitung von Zahlen, die in "Diminished-1"-Darstellung vorliegen. Weiter kann das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren derart abgeändert werden, dass es sowohl die Generierung der partiellen Produkte mittels "Booth Recoding"-Algorithmus, als auch die Anwendung eines Wallace-Trees bei der Addition der partiellen Produkte erlaubt.
摘要:
The present invention takes advantage of a quadratic-only ambiguity for x-coordinates in elliptic curve algebra as a means for encrypting plaintext directly onto elliptic curves. The encrypting of plaintext directly onto elliptic curves if refered to herein as 'direct embedding'. When performing direct embedding, actual plaintext is embedded as a '+' or '-' x-coordinate. The sender specifies using an extra bit whether + or - is used so that the receiver can decrypt appropriately. In operation their are two public initial x-coordinates such that two points P1+ and P¿1?- lie respectively on two curves E?+ and E-¿. A parcel of text x¿text? is selected that is no more than q bits in length. The curve (E?+ or E-¿) that contains x¿text? is determined. A random number r is chosen and used to generate a coordinate xq using the public key of a receiving party. An elliptic add operation is used with the coordinate xq and the parcel of text to generate a message coordinate xm. A clue xc is generated using the random number and the point P from the appropriate curve E+/-. The sign that holds for xtext is determined and called g. The message coordinate mm, the clue xc, and the sign g are sent as a triple to the receiving party. The receiving party uses the clue xc and its private key to generate coordinate xq. Using the sign g and coordinate xq, the text can be recovered.