摘要:
A test device for assessing low temperature performance of a wax-containing fuel comprises a vessel 4 for containing a fuel to be assessed, means for cooling, and means 16 for heating, the fuel in the vessel, a filter element 13 and means to cause the fuel to pass through the filter 20 of the filter element 13, the cooling and heating means 16 being so arranged that a stable convection current a is set up in the fuel and the filter 16 is so positioned that it receives wax settling from the fuel.
摘要:
A reflective method for monitoring the etch rate or growth rate of a material such as a semi-conductor material (13), that may be initially at least partly covered by another layer (11) of a different material. An aperture (17) in the overlying material is formed to expose a portion of the surface of the layer to be etched or grown, and a monochromatic light beam (21) is directed at the exposed surface to form a signal which can be used to monitor the processing of the material.
摘要:
Process for the production of polyphenylenexoxide, in which:
- oxygen, or a gas containing molecular oxygen is fed into a liquid reaction medium, solvent of the 2,6-xylenol and of the catalyst cupric salt complexed with an organic base, but nor solvent or substantially not solvent of the polyphenyleneoxide; - from time to time samples are collected of the reaction mixture, said samples are treated with a liquid solvent, capable of dissolving polyphenyleneoxide and of stopping the growth of the macromolecules, until a clear and homogeneous solution is obtained; - the through time of the so obtained solution is measured in a capillary tube viscometer and the value is determined of the viscosity and/of the molecular weight of polyphenyleneoxide by the comparison with standard values; and - on the basis of the so determined value of the viscosity and or of the polyphenyleneoxide molecular weight interventions are effected on the oxidative polymerizing reaction of 2,6-xylenol.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a pipetting apparatus (10) comprising a pipette tube (14) having a first end provided with an opening for aspirating and/or dispensing of a sample fluid (12) and a second end operationally connected to a pressure generating means (18). The pipetting apparatus (10) comprises at least one measuring unit (26,28) adapted to determine at least one sample fluid measurement value based on said aspirating and/or dispensing of the sample fluid (12) and to provide a sample fluid measurement signal representative thereof to an output of the measuring unit (26,28). Said pipetting apparatus (10) further comprises a control circuit (32) operationally coupled to the output of the measuring unit (26,28) and the input of the pressure generating means (18), said control circuit (32) is configured to control said pressure generating means (18) based on the sample fluid measurement signal.
摘要:
A viscometer (10) having a substantially horizontal reservoir (20) including a trap (24) for retaining a sample indefinitely in the reservoir (20). A substantially vertical measuring tube (12) disposed perpendicularly to the substantially horizontal reservoir (20) and depends substantially upwardly from the reservoir (20). A junction (30) interconnects the trap (24), a generally downwardly projecting fill tube (16), and a generally upwardly projecting vent tube (14).