摘要:
Reduction of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds from hydrocarbon feeds is achieved by first contacting the entire feed with a hydrotreating catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone operating under mild conditions to convert the labile organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds. An extraction zone downstream of the hydrotreating reaction zone separates an aromatic-rich fraction that contains a substantial amount of the remaining refractory organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds. The aromatic-lean fraction is substantially free of organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds, since the non-aromatic organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds were the labile organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds which were initially removed by mild hydrotreating. The aromatic-rich fraction is oxidized to convert the refractory organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds to oxidized sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon compounds. These oxidized organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds are subsequently removed.
摘要:
An apparatus and process for desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is disclosed in which pure nitrous oxide, or a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen or air, is used as a gaseous oxidant. Organosulfur compounds are converted to their corresponding oxides sulfones and/or sulfoxides in an oxidation reactor, and oxides are subsequently removed from the oxidation reactor effluent to recover a reduced sulfur-content hydrocarbon product.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a pH which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process and to a plant for dehydrating a liquid or gaseous effluent, in which the following steps are carried out: the effluent is neutralized by at least one of the following caustic brines: caustic soda, caustic potash or mixtures thereof; the neutralized effluent is dehydrated over caustic soda or potash pellets; and the caustic brine resulting from the dehydration is collected and used in the neutralization step (2).
摘要:
Methods for reducing calcium deposition along surfaces in contact with the water phase of a resolved water/oil emulsion are disclosed. High calcium crude oil and the like are contacted with a sequestrant to form a sequestered calcium containing complex that partitions to the water phase in the resolved emulsion. A specifically formulated polymeric deposit control agent is added to the water phase to inhibit calcium deposit formation therein and along surfaces in contact with the water phase.
摘要:
A highly effective liquid-liquid extraction process to remove nitrogen compounds and especially basic nitrogen compounds from aromatic light petroleum oils with excellent recovery employs de-ionized water, which can be acidified, as the extractive solvent. The product is an aromatic hydrocarbon with ultra-low amounts of nitrogen poisons that can deactivate acidic catalysts.The extracted oils are suitable feedstock for the subsequent catalytic processes that are promoted with the high performance solid catalysts, which are extremely sensitive to nitrogen poison.
摘要:
On améliore la production de raffinat provenant de l'extraction au solvant, lorsqu'on soumet l'extrait (5) récupéré du processus d'extraction au solvant (2) à une étape de séparation par membrane (6) dans laquelle on produit un retentat (8) riche en aromatiques monocycliques/composés saturés et un perméat (7) riche en aromatiques bicycliques ou pluricycliques, et qu'on recycle la phase de retentant riche en aromatiques monocycliques/composés saturés pour le processus d'extraction au solvant.
摘要:
A furfural-containing middle distillate stream is supported by use of a polyethylene-imine membrane which has been crosslinked with a polyisocyanate or a poly (carbonyl chloride) cross-linking agent.