摘要:
An organic photovoltaic device comprising an anode disposed above an electron transport layer disposed above a cathode. In this organic photovoltaic device the electron transport layer comprises (AO x ) y BO (1-y) .
摘要:
A polymer having two different sets of repeat units consisting essentially of: (Formula 1) and Additionally, in the polymer R1 can be selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof. In the polymer, n and m can be greater than 1. In the polymer, x and y can be different from each other and independently selected from the group consisting of: an alkoxy group, a substituted alkoxy group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, (Formula 2), where y = 1-3, (Formula 3) where y = 0-12, (Formula 4) where R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, (Formula 5) where R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, (Formula 6) where R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, --NR6R7 where R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups.
摘要:
A process is described for flowing an oxygenate feed over a catalyst in an adiabatic fixed bed reactor to product a reactor effluent and heat. The reaction inside the adiabatic fixed bed reactor occurs at a reaction temperature from about 200 ∘ C to about 375 ∘ C. The reactor effluent is then condensed to separate the liquid products and the gaseous products. A separation step then separates the gaseous products into hydrogen and off-gas.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods and systems to prevent entrainment of particles of char and heat carrier with pyrolysis vapors leaving a reactor, while allowing rapid upgrading of the vapors by catalyst(s) that are held in a an upgrading reactor and protected from contact with the char.
摘要:
Methods, compositions and devices relate to photovoltaic cells having a photoactive layer (106) and constituents synthesized and utilized for the photoactive layer. The photovoltaic cells incorporate photoactive materials produced from dyads formed into an initial layer and then thermally cleaved to provide the photoactive layer. Cleavage of the dyads, such as synthesized fullerene anthracen- 2 -ylmethyl 3 - (thiophen-3 -yl) acetate dyads, or polymers of the dyads into separate molecules providing donors and acceptors facilitates in obtaining the photovoltaic cells with desired arrangement and interspacing of the donors and the acceptors relative to one another.
摘要:
There is provided herein a method for producing hydrogen gas, comprising: sorbing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to a gasification catalyst to form a sorbed hydrocarbon fuel; heating said sorbed hydrocarbon fuel to a first temperature for a first period of time sufficient to form coke; and gasifying said coke at a second temperature at a pressure for a second period of time in the presence of water and/or oxygen, so as to produce hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide and to regenerate said catalyst. In particular, the hydrocarbon fuel can be a liquid biomass, such pyrolysis oil, and the method can be CO2 neutral.
摘要:
Methods relate to making lithium vanadium oxide powders. Applications for the lithium vanadium oxide powders include use as a negative electrode or anode material for lithium ion batteries. Liquid phase reactions and reduction in vanadium oxidation state of precursor material facilitate in the making of the lithium vanadium oxide powders. Particles forming the lithium vanadium oxide powders may further contain carbon to provide electrical conductivity.