摘要:
A method is provided for estimating the positional uncertainty in drilling a well such as an oil well. A first set of values is supplied representing a first three-dimensional uncertainty of the actual position of a drill bit with respect to the estimated position. A second set of values is supplied representing a second three-dimensional uncertainty of the actual position of a geological feature with respect to the estimated position thereof. For example, the first set of values relates to positional uncertainties because of the drilling procedure whereas the second set of uncertainties is associated with the obtaining and interpretation of seismic data. The first and second sets of values are combined to form a third set of values which represents a third uncertainty of the position of the drill bit with respect to the geological feature. A probability is then calculated from the third uncertainty and gives the probability that the drill bit will reach a predetermined position relative to the geological feature.
摘要:
An autostereoscopic 3D display includes a spatial light modulator, for instance of the liquid crystal display type. A backlight and a mask form a plurality of light sources which are imaged by a lenticular screen at first notional viewing windows. A parallax barrier controls the visibility of pixels of the spatial light modulator to form second notional viewing windows. The display forms actual viewing windows whose lateral extent is equal to the product of the lateral extents of the first and second viewing windows and is less than each of these lateral extents.
摘要:
A radio frequency amplifier of improved intermodulation performance is provided by connecting first and second transconductance amplifiers (T3, T4, T5, T6, R3, R4, R5, R6) in antiphase so that third order intermodulation products cancel each other but the reduction in gain is relatively small. The transconductance stages comprise long tail pairs of transistors (T3, T4, T5, T6) provided with tail current sources formed by transistors (T1, T2) whose bases are connected to a bias voltage source (1). The first transistor (T1) has an emitter connected via a resistor (R1) to ground. The second transistor (T2) has an emitter connected via another resistor (R2) to the emitter of the first transistor (T1).
摘要:
A charge-transport structure, e g an opto-electronic structure such an electroluminescent device is manufactured by forming a uniform first charge-transport (eg electron-transport) polymer layer 12 on a substrate 10. Low molar mass dyes in a solvent are ink-jet printed onto the exposed surface of the first layer 12 to form a multicolour pattern 14, and the dyes are allowed to diffuse into the layer 12 to form charge-recombination/emitter regions 16 within the layer 12. Excess dyes are washed away from the surface and then a uniform second charge-transport (eg hole-transport) polymer layer 18 is formed on the resultant smooth surface of the first layer over the tops of the regions 16. Finally, electrodes 20 are deposited on the top of the second layer 18 in registration with the regions 16. Photovoltaic structures and organic transistors are also disclosed.
摘要:
A surface mode liquid crystal device, for example of the pi-cell type, comprises a layer of nematic liquid crystal (10) disposed between alignment layers (4, 9) and an electrode arrangement (3, 8). The nematic liquid crystal has viscosity coefficients θ1, θ2 and η1 such that (θ1-θ2)/η1 ≥ 1.15 or (θ1-θ2)/η1 ≤ 0.9.
摘要:
An analogue single conversion tuner comprises a plurality of channels (1, 2, 3) for covering the whole of a desired reception bandwidth. Each tuner comprises an image reject mixer (18) connected to the tuner input (4) by a single tracking filter (16), for example of the single-tuned type.
摘要:
A synchronous network interface and method of synchronisation between two applications on different computers is provided. The network interface contains snooping hardware which can be programmed to contain triggering values comprising either addresses, address ranges or other data which are to be matched. These data are termed 'trip wires'. Once programmed, the interface monitors the data stream, including address data, passing through the interface for addresses and data which match the trip wires which have been set. On a match, the snooping hardware can generate interrupts, increment event counters, or perform some other application-specified action. This snooping hardware is preferably based upon Content-Addressable Memory. The invention thus provides in-band synchronisation by using synchronisation primitives which are programmable by user level applications, while still delivering high bandwidth and low latency. The programming of the synchronisation primitives can be made by the sending and receiving applications independently of each other and no synchronisation information is required to traverse the network.