摘要:
A calorimeter includes a bucket cover which is used to reconfigure an isothermal water reservoir to provide for temperature equilibration prior to sample analysis and subsequently define a fixed volume of water during analysis in which high precision temperature measurements can be recorded. The apparatus includes mechanisms for sealing and controlling the cover, and for coupling the combustion vessel to the cover while minimizing the thermal contact between them. Improved thermal isolation between the fixed volume of water and the surrounding environment is also achieved.
摘要:
An automated apparatus for determining the calorific value of combustible substances employs an integrated, isothermal water reservoir to reduce complexity of the apparatus and facilitates automation of the calorimeter by providing a convenient source of isothermal water. A moving divider is used to reconfigure the isothermal water reservoir (70) to either provide the temperature equilibration prior to sample analysis or define a fixed volume of water during analysis in which high precision temperature measurements can be recorded. The apparatus includes mechanisms for controlling the moving divider, a sample holding combustion vessel (20), and loading, cleaning, and unloading the combustion vessel. This eliminates key analysis steps that had previously required by manual intervention by an operator.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to a multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR TOF MS). To improve mass resolving power of a planar MR TOF MS (11), a spatially isochronous and curved interface (21) may be used for ion transfer in and out of the MR TOF analyzer (11). One embodiment comprises a planar MR TOF MS (11) with periodic lenses (14) in the field-free space, a linear ion trap (17) for converting ion flow into pulses and a C-shaped isochronous interface made of electrostatic sectors. The interface (21) allows transferring ions around the edges and fringing fields (13) of the ion mirrors (12) without introducing significant time spread. The interface (21) may also provide energy filtering of ion packets. The non-correlated turn-around time of ion trap converter (17) may be reduced by using a delayed ion extraction from the ion trap and excessive ion energy is filtered in the curved interface (21).
摘要:
A multiple reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF MS) and method of analysis are disclosed. The flight path of ions is folded along a trajectory by electrostatic mirrors. The longer flight path provides higher resolution while maintaining a moderate instrument size.
摘要:
A control circuit for a thermal conductivity cell employs a constant resistance bridge drive circuit (30) which automatically adjusts to maintain a measurement filament (16) at a constant resistance. A reference filament (14) provides a differential signal representative of the concentration of an analyte. A detection circuit (50-70) utilizes digital/analog methods to significantly reduce l/f noise of an amplifier providing at least a seven fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. The circuit also includes a bridge nulling method (80) adjusted under microprocessor (70) control to eliminate manual offset adjustments. A reference protection circuit (90) is coupled to the reference filament (14) and prevents the voltage applied to the filaments from overheating the filaments in the event there is a breach in the gas flow path.
摘要:
An analyzer compensates for gas flow perturbations by providing a makeup flow of carrier gas (60) to maintain the pressure and/or flow rate of analyte and inert gas through a detector (26) constant such that a accurate determination of a low concentration of an analyte in the presence of a high concentration of a second analyte can be accurately determined. In one embodiment, a carrier gas is introduced through a valve (64) responsive to the detected pressure (66) in the gas flow stream (65) between a scrubber (22) and a subsequent detector (26) for maintaining the pressure constant during an analysis. In another embodiment of the invention, a flow transducer (76) is positioned in the gas flow path between the scrubber (22) and detector (26) and coupled to a flow control valve coupled to introduce carrier gas as a function of detected gas flow such that the flow rate of gas into the detector is maintained constant.