摘要:
A pulse-width-modulated digital-to-analog converter (10) is responsive to a digital control value (35) for switching between a high gain mode and a low gain mode. The converter includes a free-running rollover counter (45), a reference register (55) and a comparator (60). Pulses from a comparator are split into two paths, one path including a switch (20), and fed into a plurality of resistive elements connected to a common output node (91). Depending on the state of the switch, the network's output value will either follow its input or be a fraction thereof, without change of duty cycle or output impedance. The output node may be connected to a capacitive element (C1) to form a low pass filter for generating an analog waveform.
摘要:
A digital-to-analog converter circuit (D/A) for converting a two-level, pulse-width-modulated (PWM), digital input signal (V in ) into a corresponding analog output signal (V out ) is described. The converter comprises a control circuit (12) which receives the digital signal (V in ) input to the converter as an input and supplies, at a first output (13a), an intermediate signal (V d ) produced by delaying the moments at which the input signal (V in ) switches, a circuit (14), driven by the intermediate signal (V d ), for generating a ramp signal (V r ), and a sample-and-hold circuit (16) which receives the ramp signal (V r ) at an input (38). The sample-and-hold circuit (16), which is controlled by the control circuit (12), acquires the amplitude reached by the ramp signal (V r ) each time the digital input signal (V in ) switches from a first level (l 1 ) to a second level (l 2 ). The signal (V out ) present at the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (16) thus constitutes an analog signal corresponding to the digital input signal (V in ).
摘要:
System and method for digitally generating a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with dither based on a command signal, the signal having a pulse width proportional to the command signal. In the preferred embodiment, the PWM signal with proportional dither energizes a load, such as a variable force solenoid, with a desired electrical current. The system includes a base signal generator (30) for generating a base signal having a pulse width which is based on a command signal representing the desired electrical current. The system also includes a dither signal generator (32) for digitally generating a dither signal having a pulse width proportional to the command signal, and a summer (50) for combining the base signal and the dither signal to obtain the pulse width modulated signal with proportional dither.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring operations data which uses a commercially available digital multimeter (DMM) (310) as the data receiving and display device. Basic operations data is transduced to digital form and then coded with a width modulator. The width modulated data may represent total elapsed time or total counts of a measured operation. The full-scale range of the data is encoded as frequency. A technician reads the frequency of the data signal with the DMM (310) to determine the full-scale range of the data and then reads percent-of-range with the DMM (310) as duty cycle. For multiple operations data, peak voltage is used as a parameter identifier. Alternatively, the value of the parameter being measured, the full-scale range, and the parameter identifier may be encoded as any combination of frequency, peak voltage, or duty cycle.
摘要:
A multi-gradation thin-film liquid crystal display (TFT/LCD) includes a data line driver which does not cause an increase in the chip area, (i.e., which is constituted of a smaller number of circuit elements). Power supplies having respective reference potentials V a and V b corresponding to at least two different gradations, and switches SW a and SW b for selectively supplying the respective potentials to a data line, are provided in a driver IC for driving the data lines of a TFT/LCD panel. If an output potential corresponding to an arbitrary gradation between the two predetermined gradations is denoted by V c , the output potential V c is supplied to the data line by being turned on and off the switches SW a and SW b alternately at a predetermined cycle in a ratio in which the potential V c proportionally divides the potentials V a and V b . Therefore, the output potential corresponding to an arbitrary gradation between the two predetermined gradations can be obtained simply by properly changing the ratio of turning the two switches on and off.
摘要:
Ein umzusetzender Digitalwert (DW) wird durch eine zeitliche Folge (T F ) von mehreren Perioden (P1...P16') mit jeweils einem durch das jeweilige Verhältnis einer Einschaltimpulsdauer (t p ) zu ihrer Periodendauer (T p ) bestimmten Tastverhältnis dargestellt. Zur Auflösungserhöhung enthalten die Perioden (P1... P16') einer Folge (T F ) Einschaltimpulsdauern (t p1 ...t p16 ), die sich um eine Systemtaktdauer (t o ) unterscheiden, wobei Perioden (P1,P2,P4,P6) mit gleichen Einschaltimpulsdauern annähernd gleichmäßig in der Folge verteilt werden. Die Tastverhältnisse einer Folge (T F ) werden zur Erzeugung eines Analogwertes (AW) ausgewertet.
摘要:
A digital-to-analogue converter suitable for a pulse width modulation (PWM) system for converting input digital data to PWM signals and finally to an analogue signal divides the sampling period of the input digital data into an even number of sampling periods, and PWM signals with equal pulse widths corresponding to the input digital data are generated (20) in respective divided sampling periods.
摘要:
Une méthode de conversion numérique/analogique procède, selon l'invention, par fractionnement d'un rapport cyclique. Une telle méthode trouve une application dans la mesure du rapport de deux impédances Z1,Z2 comprises dans une cellule reliée à un appareil de mesure et consiste à générer des signaux carrés (Vh) au moyen d'une horloge (2), de période bien constante, d'appliquer pendant la première demi-période d'horloge, une tension Vr à l'entrée de l'impédance Z1 et une tension nulle VO à l'entrée de l'impédance Z2, puis d'appliquer pendant la seconde demi-période d'horloge une tension Vm à l'entrée de chacune des deux impédances Z1,Z2, d'appliquer, les impédances Z1,Z2 ayant leurs sorties reliées à une ligne (7) de sortie d'impédance, le signal de ladite ligne (7) à l'entrée inverseuse (10) d'un amplificateur opérationnel (12) monté en sommateur rebouclé sur une impédance de même nature que Z1, Z2 et d'appliquer la sortie (14) de l'amplificateur opérationnel (12) à l'entrée (16) d'un détecteur synchrone (18) commandé (20) par l'horloge (2), en vue d'extraire un signal d'erreur E.
摘要:
A load placed on the support 11 is balanced by a pulsed current in coil 13 whose duty factor is controlled by gating pulses applied to electronic switch 22. The control is effected according to the output of position sensor 14 through a digital processing unit 5 and the resulting measurement is displayed on unit 6. Relatively cheap standard 16-bit digital circuits are used to generate the gating pulses by counting clock pulses. The discrimination available is limited to steps of one clock pulse between successive gating pulses and the clock frequency is limited by the 16-bit capacity of the digital circuits. To simulate greater discrimination and achieve greater accuracy of weighing successive groups of gating pulses are made to include an increasing proportion of pulses differing by one step in width from the other pulses. Thus by averaging over each group it is possible to interpolate between successive gating pulse widths separated from each other by one clock pulse.
摘要:
Ein umzusetzender Digitalwert (DW) wird durch eine zeitliche Folge (T F ) von mehreren Perioden (P1...P16') mit jeweils einem durch das jeweilige Verhältnis einer Einschaltimpulsdauer (t p ) zu ihrer Periodendauer (T p ) bestimmten Tastverhältnis dargestellt. Zur Auflösungserhöhung enthalten die Perioden (P1... P16') einer Folge (T F ) Einschaltimpulsdauern (t p1 ...t p16 ), die sich um eine Systemtaktdauer (t o ) unterscheiden, wobei Perioden (P1,P2,P4,P6) mit gleichen Einschaltimpulsdauern annähernd gleichmäßig in der Folge verteilt werden. Die Tastverhältnisse einer Folge (T F ) werden zur Erzeugung eines Analogwertes (AW) ausgewertet.