摘要:
Hydrogen sulfide evolution from asphalt or heavy fuel oil may be reduced or eliminated using an additive to act as a scavenger. Zinc, in conjunction with an additional metal selected from Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Zr, when present in the form of nano-particles of an oxide, borate or carboxylate is an effective component is preventing or mitigating the evolution of hydrogen sulfide. The nano-particles may be used neat or as a dispersion. These metals may also be complexed and used in the form of a solution. Molybdenum, when used with one or both of Fe and Zn is also a useful in any of these forms for the same purpose.
摘要:
The use of neutral aqueous solutions of glyoxal (pH approximately 6 to 8.5) scavenges H 2 S that is present in natural gas and in oil better than glyoxal alone or base alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over glyoxal used alone. A buffer may be optionally used. In another embodiment, the combination of non-nitrogen-containing surfactants and glyoxal results in a significant increase in the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity as compared to glyoxal used alone.
摘要:
A process for desulphurization of petroleum oil, comprising the step of diluting the feed oil with a suitable organic solvent prior to the desulphurization reaction, is disclosed. The organic solvent is selected from alkanes, alkenes, cyclic alkenes and alkynes, and particularly selected from n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, toluene and xylene. The solvent concentration in the mixture of feed oil and solvent is in the range of 0.1-70%.
摘要:
A method of upgrading an oil feedstock (102) by removing heteroatoms and/or one or more heavy metals from the oil feedstock (102) composition. This method reacts the oil feedstock (102) with an alkali metal (108) and an upgradant hydrocarbon (106). The alkali metal reacts with a portion of the heteroatoms and/or one or more heavy metals to form an inorganic phase separable from the organic oil feedstock material. The upgradant hydrocarbon bonds to the oil feedstock (102) material and increases the number of carbon atoms in the product. This increase in the number of carbon atoms of the product increases the energy value of the resulting oil feedstock (116).
摘要:
A method of sequestering carbon dioxide emissions during recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure (100) defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure (100) to form a permeable body (120) of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating, the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure (100) is a fixed structure. Additionally, during heating, any carbon dioxide that is produced can be sequestered. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
摘要:
A method and system for controlling fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process that includes measuring a level of a particulate in a process stream of the hydrocarbon refining process in communication with a hydrocarbon refinery component, identifying an effective amount of additive capable of reducing particulate-induced fouling based at least in part on the measured level of the particulate in the process stream, and introducing the effective amount of additive to the hydrocarbon refining process.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a method of desulfurization of a sulfur laden hydrocarbon liquid that comprises contacting the liquid with a sponge nickel metal alloy, removing the sulfur free liquid, regeneration of the alloy by contact with an aqueous solution of an oxidant and reusing the alloy for further desulfurization of additional sulfur laden liquid.
摘要:
Refractory or hard sulfur found in a hydrocarbon stream containing refractory sulfur heterocycle compounds, particularly those exhibiting steric hindrance, is removed from the stream by contacting it with a sodium reagent comprising a sodium component, having free sodium, supported on a solid support component. If the hydrocarbon stream contains more labile or easy sulfur, then it is treated, typically by hydrodesulfurization, to remove at least most of the labile sulfur before it is contacted with the sodium reagent. This is useful for bringing the sulfur level of middle distillate fuel streams, such as diesel and jet fuel fractions, down to a level of less than 10 wppm, employing conventional hydrodesulfurizing catalysts and conditions.