摘要:
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formel (1) worin
R 1 C 1 - bis C 24 -Alkyl, C 2 - bis C 24 -Alkenyl oder einen C 6 - bis C 18 -Arylrest, der mit einer C 1 - bis C 12 -Alkylgruppe substituiert sein kann, R 2 , R 3 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C 1 - bis C 18 -Alkyl, C 5 - bis C 7 -Cycloalkyl, oder R 2 und R 3 , unter Einschluss des Stickstoffatoms, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Ring von 4 bis 8 Ringatomen, in dem außer Kohlenstoff auch Sauerstoff- oder Stickstoffatome enthalten sein können, A gleichartige oder verschiedene C 2 - bis C 4 -Alkylenreste, B C 1 - bis C 7 -Alkylen, n eine ganze Zahl von 1 - 40 bedeuten als Gashydratinhibitoren.
摘要:
Pour améliorer le transport d'effluents pétroliers comprenant de l'eau, du gaz et éventuellement une phase hydrocarbonée liquide dans des conditions thermodynamiques susceptibles de conduire à la formation d'hydrates, on ajoute à l'effluent à transporter une formulation contenant au moins deux additifs dont l'un au moins se comporte comme un agent de nucléation des cristaux d'hydrates.
摘要:
On décrit un procédé pour retarder la croissance et/ou l'agglomération des hydrates au sein d'un fluide comprenant de l'eau et des gaz par addition d'inhibiteurs de croissance et/ou d'agglomération des hydrates de gaz comprenant un polymère essentiellement hydrosoluble caractérisé par un nombre total de degrés de liberté de rotation par unité de répétition statistique RDFTm supérieur à 9 et de préférence supérieur à 10, et un degré de répétition DP de l'unité de répétition statistique compris entre 18/RDFTm et 200 000, de préférence compris entre 20/RDFTm et 100 000. Le ou les inhibiteurs de croissance et/ou d'agglomération sont incorporés au fluide à traiter en général à une concentration de 0,05 % à 5 % en masse par rapport à la teneur en eau du milieu.
摘要:
A method for inhibiting the formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid having hydrate-forming constituents is disclosed. More specifically, the method can be used in treating a petroleum fluid stream such as natural gas conveyed in a pipe to inhibit the formation of a hydrate restriction in the pipe. The hydrate inhibitor used for practicing the method is selected from the family of substantially water soluble copolymers formed from N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide (VIMA) and one of three comonomers, vinylpyrrolidone (VP), vinylpiperidone (VPip), or vinylcaprolactam (VCap). VIMA/VCap is the preferred copolymer. These copolymers may be used alone or in combination with each other or other hydrate inhibitors. Preferably, a solvent, such as water, brine, alcohol, or mixtures thereof, is used to produce an inhibitor solution or mixture to facilitate treatment of the petroleum fluid stream.
摘要:
Clathrate hydrate formation in petroleum fluid streams is inhibited by adding water soluble polymers having N-vinyl amide or N-allyl amide units to the streams. Each N-vinyl amide and N-allyl amide unit has two substituent groups, R1 and R2, substituted on the nitrogen where R1 is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group having one to six carbon atoms and zero to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and combinations thereof, where R2 is a hydrocarbon group having one to six carbon atoms and zero to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and combinations thereof, and where the sum total of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is greater than or equal to one, but less than eight. Some preferred examples of such polymers include copolymers of N-vinyl amides and substituted acrylamides. Specific examples of such copolymers include, N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide (VIMA) copolymerized with acryloylpyrrolidine (APYD) or acryloylpiperidine (APID) and more preferably, VIMA copolymerized with N-substituted methacrylamides such as N-isopropylmethacrylamide (iPMAM) and methacryloylpyrrolidine (MAPYD).
摘要:
A method for inhibiting the formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid having hydrate-forming constituents involves treating the fluid with an inhibitor comprising a substantially water soluble polymer having a polymer backbone with a pendant C1-C3 alkyl group; the polymer having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 6,000,000. Preferably, the pendant alkyl group is a methyl group. The rate of nucleation, growth, and/or agglomeration of gas hydrate crystals in a petroleum fluid stream is reduced using the alkylated polymer backbone inhibitor, thereby inhibiting the formation of a hydrate blockage in the pipe conveying the petroleum fluid stream. Test results are disclosed which unexpectedly show that alkylating the polymer backbone with a methyl group will produce a subcooling for the alkylated polymer that is at least about 2 °F (about 1.1 °C) greater than its nonalkylated counterpart. The inhibitor can be used conveniently at low concentrations, for example in the range of from about 0.01 % to about 5 % by weight of the water present in the oil or gas stream, to effectively treat a petroleum fluid having a water phase.
摘要:
Clathrate hydrate formation in petroleum fluid streams is inhibited by adding water soluble polymers having N-vinyl amide or N-allyl amide units to the streams. Each N-vinyl amide and N-allyl amide unit has two substituent groups, R1 and R2, substituted on the nitrogen where R1 is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group having one to six carbon atoms and zero to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and combinations thereof, where R2 is a hydrocarbon group having one to six carbon atoms and zero to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and combinations thereof, and where the sum total of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is greater than or equal to one, but less than eight. Some preferred examples of such polymers include copolymers of N-vinyl amides and substituted acrylamides. Specific examples of such copolymers include, N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide (VIMA) copolymerized with acryloylpyrrolidine (APYD) or acryloylpiperidine (APID) and more preferably, VIMA copolymerized with N-substituted methacrylamides such as N-isopropylmethacrylamide (iPMAM) and methacryloylpyrrolidine (MAPYD).
摘要:
On décrit un procédé et un dispositif de transport et de traitement d'un gaz naturel. Selon le procédé de l'invention, on contacte danz une zone G₁ le gaz sortant d'un puits de production (1) avec une phase liquide provenant au moins en partie d'un recyclage (4) et renfermant de l'eau et au moins un additif anticorrosion et/ou au moins un additif antihydraté au moins en partie miscible à l'eau et se vaporisant à l'état pur ou sous forme d'azéotrope; on transporte la phase gazeuse chargée d'additif dans une conduite (5), on la refroidit en E₁, on sépare en B₁ une phase aqueuse du gaz non condensé que l'on recueille par une conduite (10) et on recycle par la ligne (9,4) la phase aqueuse chargée d'additif dans la zone de contact G₁. Application au transport du gaz naturel sur de longues distances notamment.
摘要:
Refrigeration is produced while delivering transmission pipeline gas (20) of elevated pressure to a branch pipeline of lower pressure by expanding the gas in a turbo-expander (29) to a pressure below the branch pipeline (47) pressure and recovering refrigeration from the expanded gas which is then compressed by a centrifugal compressor (41) directly driven by the turbo-expander (29) to the pressure required for delivery into the branch pipeline (47). The gas (20) is dehydrated by adding methanol through pump (24), and separating aqueous methanol condensate from the expanded gas in separator (31), and the condensate is distilled in column (55) with compression heat in reboiler (64) to recover methanol for reuse.