Abstract:
Provided are a raw material liquid concentration method and a raw material liquid concentration system that can achieve a high flux even when using a raw material liquid that is rich in an organic solvent. An aspect of the present invention provides a method for concentrating a raw material liquid, said method comprising a concentration step for bringing a raw material liquid and an induction solution in contact via a forward osmosis membrane. The raw material liquid contains not less than 50 mass% of an organic solvent and a valuable substance. The forward osmosis membrane has a base material layer and an active layer. Either the induction solution contains a hydrophobic induction solute and the active layer is hydrophilic, or the induction solution contains a hydrophilic induction solute and the active layer is hydrophobic.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane in which the thickness L of a spherical structure layer is 60-500 µm (inclusive), the spherical structure layer has a first surface and a second surface, the average diameter Dai of the spherical structure in a region Sa 1 10 µm or less from the first surface and the average diameter Db 2 of the spherical structure in a region Sb 2 10-20 µm from the second surface satisfy the relational expression Da 1 > Dbz, and the spherical structure satisfies certain parameters.
Abstract:
A hollow fiber membrane that is a hollow fiber type semipermeable membrane, wherein a Raman value is 70% or more, and the Raman value is a ratio of a minimum value to a maximum value of peak intensities, which are intensities of maximum peaks in each of multiple Raman spectra obtained by Raman spectroscopy at multiple points in a membrane thickness direction of a transverse cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane in a state of being swollen with water.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a laminated material (S) comprising a fibrillated cellulose layer, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (a) depositing a suspension (1) of fibrillated cellulose on a filtration membrane (2) and draining the suspension through that membrane so as to form a wet layer of fibrillated cellulose (A) having a dryness, that is to say a ratio between the mass of dry matter and the total mass of the fibrillated cellulose layer, of between 5% and 18%; (b) transferring the wet layer (A) under pressure to an at least partially hydrophilic surface of a substrate (B), so as to form the laminated material (S); (c) drying the laminated material. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the process.
Abstract:
A virus removal membrane 10 for removing viruses from a protein-containing solution, the virus removal membrane 10 including a primary surface 1 to which the protein-containing solution is applied, and a secondary surface 2 from which a liquid that permeates through the virus removal membrane 10 is flowed, wherein the virus removal membrane is formed from cellulose, in which, when a solution containing gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm is applied through the primary surface to the virus removal membrane to allow the virus removal membrane 10 to capture the gold colloids for measurement of brightness in a cross section of the virus removal membrane 10, a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of a value of an area of a spectrum of variation in the brightness by an average of the value of the area is 0.01 or more and 1.5 or less; and a thickness of a portion, where gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm or more and 30 nm or less are captured, in the cross section of the virus removal membrane 10 in a wet state is 10.0 µm or more and 30.0 µm or less.