摘要:
Electrode active materials comprising lithium or other alkali metals, a transition metal, a phosphate or similar moiety, and a halogen or hydroxyl moiety. Such electrode actives include those of the formula:
A a M b (XY 4 ) c Z d ,
wherein (a) A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, and mixtures thereof, and 0 (b) M comprises one or more metals, comprising at least one metal which is capable of undergoing oxidation to a higher valence state, and 1 ≤ b ≤ 3; (c) XY 4 is selected from the group consisting of X'O 4-x Y' x , X'O 4-y Y' 2y , and mixtures thereof, where X' is S; Y' is halogen; 0 ≤ x (d) Z is OH, halogen, or mixtures thereof, and 0
wherein M, X, Y, Z, a, b, c, d, x and y are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality of said compound. In a preferred embodiment, M comprises two or more transition metals from Groups 4 to 11 of the Periodic Table. In another preferred embodiment, M comprises M'M", where M' is at least one transition metal from Groups 4 to 11 of the Periodic Table; and M" is at least one element from Groups 2, 3, 12, 13, or 14 of the Periodic Table. Preferred embodiments include those having where c = 1, those where c = 2, and those where c=3. Preferred embodiments include those where a 3 and c = 3. This invention also provides electrodes comprising an electrode active material of this invention, and batteries that comprise a first electrode having an electrode active material of this invention; a second electrode having a compatible active material; and an electrolyte.
摘要:
A difluorophosphate salt, which is expensive and not readily available, can be produced with a high purity readily and efficiently from inexpensive and readily available materials. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that exhibits low-temperature discharge and heavy-current discharge characteristics and high-temperature preservation and cycle characteristics without impairing the battery safety. A hexafluorophosphate salt is reacted with a compound having a bond represented by the following formula (1) in the molecule:
Si-O-Si (1)
A nonaqueous electrolyte used for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including a negative electrode and a positive electrode that can occlude and discharge ions, and a nonaqueous electrolyte is prepared from a mixture obtained by mixing at least one nonaqueous solvent, a hexafluorophosphate salt and a compound having a bond represented by the following formula (1), and removing low-boiling compounds newly formed in the system, the low-boiling compounds having a lower boiling point than that of the compound having the bond represented by the formula (1):
摘要:
A process for preparing solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate comprising reacting, under basic conditions, a lithium salt with a salt selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, or organo ammonium hexafluorophosphate salt in a low boiling, non-protic organic solvent to produce a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate and a precipitated sodium, potassium, ammonium, or organo ammonium salt containing the anion of the reactant lithium salt.
摘要:
In a method for manufacturing alkalimonofluorophosphate of general formaula M2PO3F (I), where M stands for the cation of a metal of the first main group of the periodic system, in particular potassium, a reaction mixture containing alkali metal cations M, phosphate, fluoride, particularly in the form of alkali hydroxyde, phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and water, the molar ratio of M:P:F being (2±0,1):(1±0.05):(1±0.1) and the molar ratio of water:P being at least 1:1, is heated to a temperature of 150 °C to 400 °C. Alkalimonofluorophosphate of general formula (I) occurs, with evaporation of water, as a reaction product, which is then isolated.
摘要:
Calcium phosphate minerals are formed by using phosphoric acid substantially free of uncombined water in conjunction with a calcium source, normally as any combination of carbonate, phosphate and hydroxide, and, as required, any additional base to neutralize the phosphoric acid. Protein may be optionally added. The resulting product is readily formed and then sets to a hard, stable, workable shaped object.
摘要:
A process for producing a calcium phosphate comprising the steps of (a) dissolving at least one member selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide in water with at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sugar, a sugar alcohol, and a polyhydric alcohol; (b) and adding phosphoric acid to the solution obtained to precipitate a calcium phosphate.
摘要:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mittel zum Konservieren von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen, das Alkalimonofluorphosphat und/oder Alkalidifluorphosphat der allgemeinen Formel M 2 PO 3 F und/oder MP0 3 F 2 , in der M Natrium, Kalium und/oder Ammonium bedeutet, enthält oder daraus besteht. Das Holzkonservierungsmittel besteht nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform aus einem Gemisch von Alkalimonofluorphosphat und/oder Alkalidifluorphosphat, mindestens einer bioziden und/oder feuerhemmenden chemischen Verbindung oder einem Verbindungsgemisch, das als mindestens ein Bestandteil eine biozide und/oder feuerhemmende chemische Verbindung enthält, und/oder mindestens einem Netzmittel, Emulgator, Farbstoff und/oder Pigment unter Einhaltung bestimmter Gewichtsmengen dieser Verbindungen. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Konservieren von Holz, wobei das Holz im Tauch- oder Sprühverfahren mit einer 5 bis 35 gew.-%igen, vorzugsweise 8 bis 25 gew.-%igen, wäßrigen Lösung oder im Druck-und oder Vakuum- oder Doppelvakuumverfahren mit einer 1,5 bis 7 gew.-%igen, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 gew.-%igen, wäßrigen Lösung dieses Holzschutzmittels behandelt wird.
摘要翻译:1.一种基于至少一种含氟或氟离子的碱金属盐来保存木材和木材的试剂,其特征在于,作为含有氟或氟离子的碱金属盐,所述木材防腐剂包括或由其组成。1.碱式氟磷酸盐和/ 或通式为M 2 PO 3 F和/或MPO 3 F 2的碱式二氟磷酸盐,其中M表示钠,钾和/或铵。
摘要:
The present invention relates to the field of sodium-ion battery technology, and specifically, to a method for preparing carbon-coated sodium iron fluorophosphate from waste lithium iron phosphate and the application thereof. The method for preparing carbon-coated sodium iron fluorophosphate from waste lithium iron phosphate includes: mixing a waste lithium iron phosphate material with an alkaline solution for reaction, followed by solid-liquid separation, to obtain an aluminum-containing filtrate and a lithium iron phosphate filter residue; mixing the lithium iron phosphate filter residue, aluminum chloride and sodium chloride uniformly, followed by vacuum calcination, to obtain a calcination material; and mixing the calcination material with at least one of a sodium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source uniformly to obtain a mixture to which a fluorine source, a carbon source and a solvent are added for uniformly mixing, followed by drying and calcination sequentially to obtain the carbon-coated sodium iron fluorophosphate. The method has the advantages of low costs, a high added value, a short process, and a high recovery rate, and the carbon-coated sodium iron fluorophosphate obtained from the method has excellent electrochemical performance.