摘要:
In a continuous casting chill for casting a billet with a polygonal cross section, having side walls (1) delimiting a chill space with a polygonal cross section, the side walls (1) have a central region (6) extending in the casting direction with a first degree of taper and at the sides of the central region (6) abutting side regions (11) with a lesser degree of taper than the first. In order to attain even growth of the casting shell with low frictional forces, the central region (6) has a degree of taper which is greater than that suitable to the billet contraction and the width of the side regions (11) increases in the casting direction to the end (5) of the continuous casting chill.
摘要:
In order to produce molten metal from all types of metal carriers used in metallurgy, and in particular from a wide range of quantitative combinations, an installation for producing molten metal comprises the following components: an electric arc furnace (1) having a charge opening (11, 21) for molten metal and/or scrap and/or directly-reduced metal, especially directly-reduced iron and/or ore, and at least one electrode (16) and a slag tapping unit (22); and an oxygen lancing converter vessel (3) fitted with a slag tapping unit (41). Said oxygen lancing converter vessel (3) forms a single unit with the electric arc furnace (1) which unit is connected by means of an overflow weir (34) and rigidly mounted on the base. The bath surface specifically related to bath volume is smaller in the oxygen lancing converter vessel (3) than in the electric arc furnace (1). Lastly, the oxygen lancing converter vessel (3) shares a common reaction chamber with the electric arc furnace (1), which chamber is situated above the bath level of the two vessels.
摘要:
In a roll stand with two rolls (1, 2) forming a gap (34), the rolls can be driven via drive shafts (11, 12) by their own drive motors (13, 14), in which a toothed coupling (17) is used in combination with an articulated linkage (24) permitting a larger angular staggering of the shafts. In order to transmit maximum torques from the drive motors to the rolls (1, 2), each drive shaft (11, 12) consists of two components inclinable towards each other and at least one of the drive shafts (12), which is in two parts, has a single toothed coupling (17) to connect with one roll (2) and articulated linkages (24), especially universal joints, at the other two link positions between its components (20, 23) and towards the drive motor (14).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing liquid pig iron (43) or liquid steel precursors from a hardening material formed by iron ore (5) and additives and having at least partially fines. To achieve a uniform reduction of the iron ore with optimum utilization of the reducing gas, the iron ore (5) is fractionated into at least two fractions, each of them having different grain size distribution, during a first reduction stage (1) with the help of the reducing gas. Each fraction is then reduced with the reducing gas in its own fluidized bed, whereby the reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed (6) containing the coarse grain fraction and separates the fine grain fraction from it. An additional reducing gas is later introduced directly into the other fluidized bed (15). The reduced iron ore (5) is withdrawn both from the first and from the other fluidized bed (6, 15). The fine and coarse grain fractions reduced during the first reduction stage (1) are further reduced in ore or more additional reduction stages (2) operating in the same way as the first reduction stage (1). The fine grain fraction obtained during the last reduction stage (2) is fed into the smelting-gasification zone (39) under agglomeration by adding oxygen. The coarse grain fraction is gravity fed directly into the smelting-gasification zone (39).
摘要:
The invention concerns an adjusting device for setting the position of at least one billet-support element (5) with respect to a support frame (9, 10) of a billet-guiding system in a continuous casting plant, the support frame (9, 10) bearing at least one further billet-support element (6). The adjusting device comprises at least one hydraulic adjusting cylinder (12) which acts directly or indirectly on a billet-support element (5) and on the support frame (9, 10) bearing a further billet-support element (6), the movement of the billet-support element (5) being detectable by a position-measuring device (17) and controllable by means of a controller (26). In order to position the billet-support elements (5, 6) reliably with the high degree of accuracy necessary for billet-guiding but with minimal expenditure and minimal liability to breakdown, at least one directional control valve (21A, 21B), which can be switched via a three-step controller (26), is provided for acting on the hydraulic adjusting cylinder (12).
摘要:
The invention concerns a billet-guiding system (1) for a continuous casting plant, said system comprising a plurality of billet-supporting elements (4), in particular support segments (2) bearing support rollers (4). The billet-supporting elements (4) are secured in groups adjacent each other on a supporting framework (3) which is integral in the longitudinal extension. Each support segment (2) is secured on the supporting framework (3) by a fixed bearing (11) and a movable bearing (12) disposed in the longitudinal extension of the billet-guiding system at a distance therefrom, each support segment (2) being pivotable by means of at least one bearing on the supporting framework (3) about a shaft (13) which is directed transversely to the longitudinal extension (8) of the billet-guiding system (1) and horizontally. Each support segment can also pivot in a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal extension (8) of the supporting framework (3) and is also mounted by means of at least one bearing so as to be displaceable with respect to the supporting framework (3) in such a direction that the support segment (2) can carry out the pivot movement. In order to set the support segments (2) easily in the correct position, the billet-guiding system is characterized in that a measuring device is provided for detecting the pivot movement of the support segment (2), preferably a position-measuring device or an angle-measuring device which is coupled via a controller (18) to an adjusting device (15) for setting the position of the support segment (2).
摘要:
Bei einem Implantat mit einer strukturierten Oberfläche an den mit einem Knochen in Kontakt gelangenden Flächen ist zwecks Erzielung einer gezielten Porosität die strukturierte Oberfläche wie folgt gestaltet: Die strukturierte Oberfläche ist aus vollem Material gebildet und mit einer Vielzahl zylindrischer Vertiefungen (1), insbesondere Bohrungen, mit Durchmessern von 0,3 bis 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 mm, und mit Tiefen zwischen 0,3 und 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,5 und 1 mm, versehen, so daß eine Porosität zwischen 50 und 80 %, vorzugsweise 60 und 70 %, bewirkt ist.
摘要:
Ein Gelenk-Prothesenimplantat weist einen ersten Implantatteil (1), der an einem ersten Knochenende, und einen zweiten Implantatteil (2), der an einem zweiten Knochenende zweier ein Gelenk bildender Knochenenden ansetzbar ist, auf, wobei der erste Implantatteil (1) und der zweite Implantatteil (2) jeweils Gelenkflächen zur Bildung eines Schwenkgelenks aufweisen, und wobei ein Gleitteil vorgesehen ist, der zusätzlich eine Drehbewegung (D) und eine Verschiebebewegung (V) der Knochenenden zueinander ermöglicht. Um eine Kombination sowohl der Drehbewegung als auch der Verschiebebewegung zu ermöglichen, derart, daß die Drehbewegung kontrolliert auch um größere Beträge stattfinden kann, um gleichzeitig eine Gleitbewegung ebenfalls in kontrolliertem Umfang durchgeführt werden kann, u.zw. unabhängig von der Drehbewegung, ist das Gelenkprothesenimplantat dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der erste Implantatteil (1) ein im ersten Knochenende versenkbares Gehäuse (4) aufweist, das in diesem ersten Knochenende verankerbar ist, daß in dem Gehäuse (4) ein erster Gleitkörper (11) um die Drehachse (15) verdrehbar gelagert ist, daß in dem ersten Gleitkörper (11) ein zweiter Gleitkörper (12) in einer Richtung etwa quer zur Drehachse (15) verschiebbar gelagert ist, daß der zweite Gleitkörper (22) aus dem Gehäuse (4) herausragt, daß der zweite Gleitkörper (22) an dem aus dem Gehäuse (4) herausragenden Teil eine Gelenkfläche (29) trägt, an der der zweite Implantatteil (2) mit der an ihm angeordneten Gelenkfläche anliegt und daß der zweite Gleitkörper (22) mit einer Gleitfläche an einer Gegengleitfläche, die am Gehäuse (4) vorgesehen ist, aufliegt (Fig. 4).
摘要:
Bei einem Implantat mit einer strukturierten Oberfläche an den mit einem Knochen in Kontakt gelangenden Flächen ist zwecks Erzielung einer gezielten Porosität die strukturierte Oberfläche wie folgt gestaltet: Die strukturierte Oberfläche ist aus vollem Material gebildet und mit einer Vielzahl zylindrischer Vertiefungen (1), insbesondere Bohrungen, mit Durchmessern von 0,3 bis 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 mm, und mit Tiefen zwischen 0,3 und 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,5 und 1 mm, versehen, so daß eine Porosität zwischen 50 und 80 %, vorzugsweise 60 und 70 %, bewirkt ist.