摘要:
A method and apparatus is presented for transforming a key variable used for scrambling cellular data traffic between a terminal and a network in alternate ways using information transmitted to the terminal from the network with which the terminal is connected. Transformation is accomplished by passing portions of the key variable through a series of S-boxes which provide a mapping between the input and output. Moreover, it is disclosed how to save memory by iteratively passing portions of the key variable through the same S-box.
摘要:
A system for wireless communication between at least one first station and a plurality of second stations using a relay station is disclosed. The relay station contains, among other features, an antenna array and a multi-channel transponder. The antenna array has a plurality of antenna elements which are divided into two sets. The first set is used to provide transmission or reception using beams having a first beamwidth and the second set is used to provide transmission or reception using beams having a second beamwidth. The multi-channel transponder, which is connected to the antenna array and a feeder link antenna, receives feeder link signals from at least one of the first stations and converts the signals into drive signals for the antenna array elements. The multi-channel transponder has a first channel bandwidth for channels transponding signals for transmissions having the first beamwidth and a second channel bandwidth for channels transponding signals for transmissions having said second beamwith. The plurality of second stations is divided dynamically by a switching system into at least a first group that use the narrowest beamwidth and a second group that use the widest beamwidth, according to the path loss requirements for each group.
摘要:
A first, transmitting, device transmits a digitized data message using a short range radio link followed by digital data representing a digitized acoustic signal, such as a tone. Simultaneously, or with a predetermined time delay, the transmitting device emits an acoustic version of the same signal using an acoustic transducer such as a loudspeaker. A second, receiving, device receives the data message and the digitized acoustic signal via the short range radio link and receives the acoustic version of the signal via a microphone, which converts the acoustic signal to a second digitized version of the acoustic signal. Digital signal processing circuits then correlate the second digitized signal received acoustically with the digitized acoustic signal received over the short range radio link to determine a time difference of arrival. The time difference is corrected for any predetermined delay between the radio and the acoustic signal emissions at the transmitter and predetermined processing delays in the receiver. Once the time delay is determined, the receiving device can determine its distance 'from the transmitting device using the difference between the speed of sound and the speed of radio propagation .
摘要:
A demodulator for demodulating a signal modulated with digital information symbols so as to extract the information symbols is disclosed. A receiver receives a signal over a communications channel and samplers and digitizers produce a sequence of numerical sample values representative of the received signal. Memories are provided each having a number of state memories each associated with a hypothesized symbol string. A controller selectively retrieves values from the memory means and controls the timing of operations thereupon. A metric computer computes candidate metrics using a hypothesis of a next of the information symbols to be demodulated made by the controller, one of the numerical sample values, path metric values, B-matrices, and U-vectors and the candidate metrics associated state number selected by the controller from the memory means. A best predecessor computer determines the best of the candidate metrics to be selected to be written back into the memory means along with a successor B-matrix, U-vector and path history. The successor B-matrices, U-vectors and path history are then updated using corresponding values associated with the best predecessor and one of numerical sample values.
摘要:
Methods and systems for amplitude-modulating a power amplifier based on sensed current and sensed voltage provided to the power amplifier are provided. The sensed current and sensed voltage may be summed to provided both current and voltage feedback to modulate the power supplied to the power amplifier. Alternatively, both the current feedback and the voltage feedback may be selectively utilized to modulate the power supplied to the power amplifier.
摘要:
A dual-mode telephone with a satellite communication adapter is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a cellular-type handportable phone is equipped with a connector for the attachment of accessories. This connector provides a satellite communications adapter accessory access to the handset's signal processing resources which may operate in an alternative mode to process signals received from a satellite and converted by the adapter into a suitable form for processing. The processing translates the satellite signals into voice or data, and vice-versa.
摘要:
A method and system for the transmission, reception, and processing of 4-level and 8-level signaling symbols is provided. An inventive modulator is provided for modulating 4-level signaling symbols using an 8-level modulator. Further, this inventive modulator is able to produce 4-level modulation when modulating 4-level signaling symbols using an 8-level modulator, where the 4-level modulation represents the 4-level symbol sequence modulated. Further, a constrained/unconstrained demodulator is provided which is able to demodulate both 4-level signaling symbols and 8-level signaling symbols. The inventive demodulator accomplishes this by limiting the number of new symbol hypotheses and path histories to 4 when working with 4-level signaling symbols, and setting the number of new symbol hypotheses and path histories to 8 when working with 8-level signaling symbols. Additionally, an error correction decoder is provided which is also able to decode a demodulated signal which contains both 4-level and 8-level signaling symbols. The inventive error correction decoder accomplishes this by utilizing an interleaver that only places bits in the 2-bit positions of the 3-PSK soft values that correspond to the 2-bits of QPSK to decode 4-level signalling symbols, and utilizing an interleaver that places bits in all three of the possible bit positions of a symbol to decode 8-level signalling symbols.
摘要:
The current invention describes how symbols may be allowed to straddle the region containing hypothesized symbols and the path history region, so that symbols exist partially in both states. This allows those parts of the symbol that are most important for predicting signal samples to be retained in the hypothesized state while the remaining parts can pass to the path history. A decoder that decodes a signal modulated with information symbols belonging to an alphabet of symbols. The decoder comprises a maximum likelihood sequence estimator that hypothesizes alphabetic sub-groups containing the information symbols, to hypothesize symbols within the alphabet and to determine a sequence of the information symbols having a highest likelihood indication. The decoder also includes a channel estimator to estimate coefficients describing a channel through which the signal has propagated, a signal predictor that combines the channel estimates with corresponding samples of the signal to obtain a metric and a metric accumulator to accumulate the metrics for hypothesized symbol sequences to determine the likelihood indications.
摘要:
Television receivers receive a television signal and downconvert the television signal to generate a complex baseband signal. The complex baseband signal is differentiated and then integrated to reduce a direct current (DC) offset in the complex baseband signal. The television receiver may include a periodic known information field. The known information field is correlated with the integrated signal to determine a residual offset therein that is associated with a constant used in integrating the differentiated complex baseband signal. The residual offset is subtracted from this constant when integrating the differentiated complex baseband signal.