摘要:
Apparatus for salt separation (2) under supercritical water conditions, comprising a heat exchanger (4) and a fluidized bed reactor (6). The fluidized bed reactor comprising a supercritical water pressure containing wall (8) defining therein a fluidized bed chamber (10) connected to an inlet system (16) at one end thereof and an outlet system (18) configured to separate solids from supercritical fluid at another end thereof. The fluidized bed chamber receives a fluidized bed (12) therein and is configured to receive through the inlet system (16) a liquefied aqueous substance (14) for treatment in the fluidized bed chamber. The inlet system (16) comprises an inlet chamber (20) and a fluidization plate (22) positioned between the inlet chamber (20) and the fluidized bed chamber (10). The fluidized bed chamber extends between the inlet system (16) and outlet system (18) and comprises an entry section (10a) adjacent the inlet system (16), an outlet section (10c) adjacent the outlet system (18), and a mid-section (10b) extending between the entry section and the outlet section. The heat exchanger (4) extends along the fluidized bed chamber (10) and is configured to generate a decreasing temperature gradient in the fluidized bed chamber from the outlet section (10c) to the entry section (10a), the temperature gradient in the outlet section and mid-section being supercritical for aqueous substances and being subcritical for aqueous substances in the entry section (10a) adjacent the fluidization plate (22).
摘要:
A plant for the disposal of wastes includes a supercritical water oxidation reactor, a supercritical water gasification reactor, and a feeding system configured for feeding at least two organic currents of wastes to the supercritical water oxidation reactor and supercritical water gasification reactor and configured for feeding at least one aqueous flow within said plant. The feeding system is configured for feeding the at least one aqueous current with a series flow through the supercritical water oxidation reactor and supercritical water gasification reactor. The feeding system is configured for feeding the at least two organic currents of wastes with a parallel flow through the supercritical water oxidation reactor and supercritical water gasification reactor and so as to selectively feed each of the organic currents of wastes to the supercritical water oxidation reactor or to the supercritical water gasification reactor.
摘要:
The present subject matter relates to the development of active catalyst composite based on supported transition metal oxides, especially, Cu, Co that are effective in the removal sulfides in the diluted spent caustic. The process for the reduction of sulfides in spent caustic comprises of reacting various organic and inorganic sulfides with molecular oxygen in the presence of active catalyst at various reaction temperatures ranging ambient to 200° C. and pressures between atmospheric pressure to 60 bars. The process also relates to complete scheme for the removal of sulfides in spent caustic.
摘要:
Catalytic systems and methods for treating process streams are disclosed. Catalytic wet oxidation and hydrolysis techniques may be used to treat one or more undesirable constituents such as HPAM and KHI. Methane may be produced in connection with at least some embodiments.
摘要:
Erfindungsgemäss ist Salzabscheider (2) zum Abscheiden von Salzen und/oder Feststoffen aus einem pumpfähigen wässrigen Fluidgemisch unter Verfahrensbedingungen, die vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen im Bereich des kritischen Punktes für das Fluidgemisch liegen, offenbart, wobei der Salzabscheider die folgenden Komponenten umfasst: a) eine Reaktionszone in Form eines Hohlraums (6) zur Überführung des pumpfähigen wässrigen Fluidgemisches in ein Rohgemisch für eine Weiterverarbeitung, z.B. eine Methanierungsreaktion; b) eine Zuführungsöffnung (8) für das pumpfähige wässrige Fluidgemisch zu dem Hohlraum (6), wobei die Zuführungsöffnung (8) in einem Steigrohr (10) realisiert ist, das in den Hohlraum (6) hineinragt; c) eine erste Abzugsöffnung (12) für das von Salzen und/oder Feststoffen befreite Rohgemisch, wobei die erste Abzugsöffnung (12) im oberen Bereich des Hohlraums (6) angeordnet ist; und d) eine zweite Abzugsöffnung (16) für eine die Salze und/oder die Feststoffe umfassende Sole, wobei die zweite Abzugsöffnung (16) im unteren Bereich des Hohlraums (6) angeordnet ist und tiefer liegt als die Zuführungsöffnung (8).
摘要:
A method for breaking down pollutants in a mass which consists of the material to be decontaminated, organic carbon and water. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: treatment of the mass at a temperature above 300°C, a pressure above 90 bar and for a treatment duration longer than one hour, in a hermetically sealed space under the exclusion of oxygen.
摘要:
Process for recovering molybdenum and benzoic acid from the aqueous waste streams generated in epoxidation processes which comprises wet air oxidation of the alkaline aqueous stream, acidification of the stream thus generated, followed by ion exchange treatment.