摘要:
A method of controlling an apparatus for generating electric power and apparatus for use in said method, the apparatus comprising a gasifier (1) for biomass material, such as waste, wood chips, straw, etc. said gasifier (1) being of the shaft and updraft fixed bed type, which from the top is charged with the raw material (2) for gasification and into the bottom of which gasifying agent (3) is introduced, and a gas engine (5) driving an electrical generator (6) for producing electrical power, said gas engine (5) being driven by the fuel gas from the gasifier (1). By supplying the produced fuel gas directly from the gasifier to the gas engine and controlling the production of the fuel gas in the gasifier (1) in order to maintain a constant electrical output power, the necessity of using a gas holder between the gasifier (1) and the gas engine (5) is avoided.
摘要:
In a method for reducing the leaching of oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, from materials containing environmentally noxious constituents, especially from incineration residues, especially flue gas cleaning products from waste incineration, in particular fly ash, the said materials are admixed with an aqueous medium such as water in a closed container in a liquid-solid ratio sufficient to cause reducing conditions capable of stabilizing oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, due to oxidation of metallic Al, Zn, Fe, and other free metals present in the said materials.
摘要:
In a method of incinerating waste material in a first combustion zone (2, 3), in which uncombusted or partly combusted material from said first zone (2, 3) is subjected to additional incineration in a second combustion zone (6), the main novel feature is the use of a fluidized-bed furnace (6), preferably with circulating sand and a separator (7) to remove ashes, slag and/or other incombustible matter. With this arrangement, increased adaptability of the second combustion zone to variations in the amount per unit time of material received from the first combustion zone is achieved.
摘要:
Method for heating a rotary kiln (1) designed for gasification and pyrolysis of organic material. The energy for heating the rotary kiln (1) is supplied by means of a radiation heat exchanger (2), positioned inside and longitudinally in the rotary kiln (1), and the energy supply to the radiation heat exchanger (2) is provided in a controlled manner over the length thereof, in order to achieve a temperature distribution inside the rotary kiln (1), which is optimised for the desired gasification and pyrolysis. The energy supply to the radiation heat exchanger (2) is provided by controlled combustion of a combustible gas, such as the pyrolytic gas inside the radiation heat exchanger (2). A surprising advantage is achieved by controlled partial combustion of the pyrolytic gas (8) inside the radiation heat exchanger (2), the most condensable part of the pyrolytic gas (8) hereby being combusted so that the tendency to condensation of pyrolytic gas in the succeeding pipelines is reduced.
摘要:
This invention relates to a boiler (1 ) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and pro¬ ducing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3). Said boiler (1 ) comprises a reactor (16) with firing a secondary fuel (18) for generating a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and an end superheater (8) located in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said reactor (16) could be a sintering reactor, a rotary kiln, a fluidised bed or a spouted bed. This provides for an increased lifetime of the end superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.
摘要:
Grate bar (6) for use in a stepped grate for a waste incineration plant, said stepped grated consisting of grate blocks (1 ) placed in adjacent rows and in succession in the advancing, direction of the waste and resting on parallel grate beams (2) in which every second row of grate blocks (1) are adapted to make a reciprocating movement while the intermediate rows of grate blocks (1) are stationary, each grate block, comprising: two stringers (3, 4) mutually connected by two (half blocks) or four transverse steel rods (5) and each grate block (1) being filled up with loose, vertically hanging cast grate bars (6) resting on said steel rods (5), said grate bars (6) comprising indentations along their abutting sides forming openings for admitting primary air for the combustion, said primary air also providing the necessary cooling of the grate bars (6).The indentations along the abutting sides are formed as one single elongate indentation positioned centrally on at least one side of each grate bar (6). This provides a grate bar of simple construction at a reduced price.
摘要:
This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3), said boiler defining a main flow direction (5) of gases, said boiler (1) comprising a separator element (4) and an end superheater (8), the separator element (4) being adapted for separating said flue gases (3) into streams of a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and a corrosive gas flow (7), said separator element (4) being located substantially in and along said main flow direction (5), said end superheater (8) being located in proximity to said separator element (4) and in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said separator element (4) comprises a plate (4a) or a wall (4b), which in a number of said separator elements (4) forms a channel as another separator element. This provides for an increased lifetime of said superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.
摘要:
In a cooling fluid circulation system for an incineration or combustion grate in an incineration or combustion plant, the grate comprises a number of grate beams, at least some of which are movable for providing a movement of the fuel on top of said grate, primary air being blown through the grate from a primary air chamber below the grate Connections for circulating cooling fluid through said grate beams are positioned at the bottom side of said grate beams, inside said primary air chamber, and connected to rigid tubing, possible headers and flexible tubing, preferably in the form of bellow tubes, for providing a connection between moving tubing and stationary tubing in the cooling fluid circulation system. The flexible tubing is positioned outside the primary air chamber and the iead-in for the moving, rigid tubing through the wall of said primary air chamber is provided with a flexible bellow in order to avoid leakage of primary air along the tube. Hereby the flexible tubing is not subjected to the grate screenings falling down from the grate and the high temperatures thereof.