摘要:
An nxn thermo-optical switch (40) comprises a first array (50) of n waveguides (51 to 58) and a second array (60) or waveguides (61 to 68) crossing the waveguides of the first array. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers. The angle υ defined by the intersection between waveguides of the first array (50) and with the second array (60) is between two degrees (2°) and six degrees (6°). An electrode heater (80) is disposed adjacent to each intersection (70) of the first array of waveguides (50) with the second array of waveguides (60). Heating of both the cladding material and portions of the associated waveguides at each intersection (70) changes the refractive index such that total internal reflection may occur. A communication system includes a switching center comprising a plurality of nxn thermo-optical switches (40), a plurality of wavelength division demultiplexers and a plurality of variable optical attenuators.
摘要:
An integrated optical transceiver (100), comprising a laser component (160), in turn comprising an array of VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser) diodes (161) formed on a laser diode substrate (162); a laser driving component, in turn comprising laser diode driving circuitry (171) formed on a laser driving circuitry substrate (172); a photodiode component (150), in turn comprising an array of photodiodes (151) formed on a photodiode substrate (152); and a photodiode driving component, in turn comprising photodiode driving circuitry (141) formed on a photodiode driving circuitry substrate (142); which optical transceiver further comprises a first heat sink (110) in the form of a connected piece of material arranged to transport excess heat away from the integrated optical transceiver, which first heat sink is connected to both the laser driving component and the photodiode driving component; and an electrically insulating material (153) separating the photodiode substrate (152) from the first heat sink (110), which electrically insulating material is either air or a dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant ε
摘要:
A differential TWE MZM includes a differential driver, first and second capacitors, and first and second terminations. The differential driver includes a first differential output and a second differential output that collectively form a differential pair. The first differential output is DC coupled to a cathode of a first arm optical phase shifter of a TWE MZM. The second differential output is DC coupled to a cathode of a second arm optical phase shifter of the TWE MZM. The first capacitor AC couples the second differential output to an anode of the first arm optical phase shifter. The second capacitor AC couples the first differential output to an anode of the second arm optical phase shifter. The first and second terminations are coupled to the cathode and the anode of, respectively, the first or second arm optical phase shifter.