摘要:
A process for transforming a first vapor containing a major component and which has a pressure lower than the triple point pressure of the major component into a second vapor which has a pressure higher than the said triple point pressure comprising the steps of cooling the low-pressure first vapor to convert it into a condensed mass which contains a mass of solid of the major component, melting the solid in the condensed mass to form a mass of melt liquid and vaporizing the melt liquid at a pressure higher than the said triple point pressure.
摘要:
in the process of the present invention an aqueous solution is flash vaporized under a reduced pressure to form, simultaneously, a low pressure water vapour and ice crystals. The ice formed may, if desired, be purified and is then melted inside thermally conductive conduits under a high pressure of, for example, 600 atm. The low pressure water vapour is desublimed to form ice on the exterior of the conduits The latent heat of desublimation released may be utilized in supplying the heat needed in the ice-melting operation. The .desublimate is removed intermittently by an in-situ dissolution operation utilizing an aqueous solution such as the feed solution. A substantially equivalent amount of ice is formed inside the conduits by an exchange freezing operation. The ice so formed is also melted. An apparatus is provided for carrying out such a process
摘要:
Le procédé décrit utilise des équipements pour effectuer des étapes de transformation avec phases multiples solid-liquide-vapeur de congélation par le vide, de congélation par distillation à voie humide, de cristallisation par le vide et de congélation eutectique avec réfrigérant primaire. Tous ces processus nécessitent des opérations de vaporisation et de cristallisation simultanées. Le procédé de la présente invention consiste: (1) à répartir la solution sur une surface rotative (53) pour former des films liquides, (2) à soumettre les films liquides à des opérations de vaporisation et de cristallisation simultanées, (3) à retirer les cristaux des surfaces (53) et (4) à transporter les cristaux vers la prochaine zone de traitement. Les surfaces (53) peuvent être constituées par des vis rotatives avec pas de vis en prise entre eux ou par un groupe de disques placés sur des arbres rotatifs. Les vis sont partiellement immergées dans la solution et des éléments des vis sont mouillés lorsqu'ils sont en rotation dans le bassin.
摘要:
A wet and dry distillative freezing process is provided which comprises (a) a first step of transforming a liquid feed mixture into a first solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K-1 mixture, by either a conventional freezing operation or a wet distillative freezing operation, (b) a second step of washing the K-1 mixture with a wash liquid to thereby form a second solid-liquid mixture, denoted as Ko mixture, and an impure liquid Lo, and (c) a third step of subjecting the Ko mixture to a dry distillative freezing operation to thereby form a mass of refined solid phase, denoted as S1, and a low pressure vapor V1. Various wash liquids may be used in the crystal washing step. It is important to note that the wash liquid used does not have to be a pure liquid but may contain some volatile impurities. This is so, because the volatile impurities in the wash liquid will be taken up in the Ko mixture and will be removed in the dry distillative freezing step. Convenient wash liquids to use are (a) a mass of the feed liquid, (b) a mass of the condensate liquid, and (c) a part of the product liquid. One may also use a solution containing the crystallizing component and a selected volatile component as a wash liquid.
摘要:
A process for transforming a first vapor containing a major component and which has a pressure lower than the triple point pressure of the major component into a second vapor which has a pressure higher than the said triple poin pressure comprising the steps of cooling the low-pressure first vapor to convert it into a condensed mass which contains a mass of solid of the major component, melting the solid in the condensed mass to form a mass of melt liquid and vaporizing the melt liquid at a pressure higher than the said triple point pressure.
摘要:
A process of washing a crystal-mother liquor mixture to produce a mass of purified crystals in a purification zone containing two sets of sub-zones, respectively denoted as Type A sub-zones and Type B sub-zones, that are laid sequentially and alternately, wherein the process comprises: i) a step of applying a means of enhancing the transfer of impurities from the retained liquid to the free liquid in each Type A sub-zone, and ii) a step of applying a means of reducing the amount of impurities from the intercrystalline free space in each Type B sub-zone, and iii) a step of transferring the solid phase and the free liquid in the coutercurrent directions.
摘要:
Procédé de lavage d'un mélange de liqueur mère et de cristaux pour produire une masse de cristaux purifiés dans une zone de purification contenant deux séries de sous-zones, appelées respectivement sous-zone de type A et sous-zone de type B, qui sont posées séquentiellement et alternativement, le procédé comportant i) une étape d'application d'un mécanisme d'accroissement du transfert des impuretés du liquide retenu au liquide libre dans chaque sous-zone de type A, ii) une étape d'application d'un mécanisme de réduction de la quantité d'impuretés provenant de l'espace libre intercristallin dans chaque sous-zone de type B et iii) une étape de transfert de la phase solide et du liquide libre dans des directions à contre-courant.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process and apparatus for transferring heat from a heat source at a first temperature (16) to a heat sink at a second higher temperature (17) in a phase change of a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid is subjected to a pressure variation which changes the temperature at which phase change takes place.
摘要:
A wet and dry distillative freezing process is provided which comprises (a) a first step of transforming a liquid feed mixture into a first solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K-1 mixture, by either a conventional freezing operation or a wet distillative freezing operation, (b) a second step of washing the K-1 mixture with a wash liquid to thereby form a second solid-liquid mixture, denoted as Ko mixture, and an impure liquid Lo, and (c) a third step of subjecting the Ko mixture to a dry distillative freezing operation to thereby form a mass of refined solid phase, denoted as S1, and a low pressure vapor V1. Various wash liquids may be used in the crystal washing step. It is important to note that the wash liquid used does not have to be a pure liquid but may contain some volatile impurities. This is so, because the volatile impurities in the wash liquid will be taken up in the Ko mixture and will be removed in the dry distillative freezing step. Convenient wash liquids to use are (a) a mass of the feed liquid, (b) a mass of the condensate liquid, and (c) a part of the product liquid. One may also use a solution containing the crystallizing component and a selected volatile component as a wash liquid.