摘要:
The present invention describes an inexpensive as well as efficient smart antenna processor (117) for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communications system, such as a 3rd generation (3G) CDMA2000 or W-CDMA system. Separate channel estimation is not required in the present invention, in contrast to a CDMA system with a conventional smart antenna. In addition, the phase distortions due to the different radio frequency (RF) mixers (105) can be automatically compensated in the present invention. Thus, separate phase calibration is not necessary for a smart antenna processor (117) according to the present invention, if the reverse link demodulation is concerned. Furthermore, bit error rate (BER) performance of a CDMA system with the adaptive algorithm in the present invention can be smaller than that of a conventional algorithm, for fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environments.
摘要:
A pseudonise code (PN) acquisition scheme employs all elements of a smart antenna array (102) and an adaptive threshold. The basic structure is the combination of a PN correlation searcher (105), an adaptive beamformer (107) and an adaptive threshold setting circuit (108). During each observation interval, the adaptive beamformer adaptively updates the weight vector for the smart antenna elements using the accumulated received signal despread with a trial PN code phase error. A spatially correlated signal is then formed by weighting an accumulated value of the signal received by each antenna in the array over the observation period with the corresponding final weight of smart antenna weight vector as calculated by the adaptive beamformer, and finally compared to the adaptive threshold to determine whether PN code acquisition has occurred.
摘要:
A cellular architecture includes antenna arrays (212, 213) that are arranged to reduce soft handoff areas, thereby increasing system performance. The arrays (212, 213) are arranged such that each of the arrays (212, 213) are aligned along one of a plurality of parallel lines in a first direction at a regularly spaced interval, each of the arrays (212, 213) on a single line in the first direction having a same orientation, each of the arrays (212, 213) along adjacent parallel lines being staggered with respect to a neighboring array such that the second direction forms an angle of approximately 10.89 degrees with respect to a direction perpendicular to the first direction. In preferred embodiments, the orientation of arrays along adjacent parallel lines is rotated by sixty degrees with respect to each other. The architecture is particularly well-suited to CDMA systems. In preferred embodiments including smart antenna arrays, transmission to mobile users occurs along a primary multipath and two secondary multipaths. A method for determining performance of cellular systems by calculating the asymptotic capacity is also provided.
摘要:
A smart antenna (figure 2) i.e., blind adaptive antenna array, is a method and system to suppress multiple access interference and to improve performance, for example in a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communications system, including third generation (3g) cdma2000 and wide band (W)-CDMA. A convergence parameter is employed in a smart antenna processor (207). In general, a constant convergence parameter value is empirically determined and used after studying the convergence speed and the steady state mean square error (MSE) or other performance data, such as bit error rate. As the convergence parameter would yield poor performance when the channel environment changes, which is true particularly when a mobile user moves around. In the present invention, the convergence parameter value is adaptively changed and employed in a smart antenna processor (207). Two exemplary methods to update the convergence parameter are described. By employing such an adaptive convergence parameter value, convergence speed can be increased and the steady state MSE can be decreased.
摘要:
A cellular architecture includes antenna arrays (212, 213) that are arranged to reduce soft handoff areas, thereby increasing system performance. The arrays (212, 213) are arranged such that each of the arrays (212, 213) are aligned along one of a plurality of parallel lines in a first direction at a regularly spaced interval, each of the arrays (212, 213) on a single line in the first direction having a same orientation, each of the arrays (212, 213) along adjacent parallel lines being staggered with respect to a neighboring array such that the second direction forms an angle of approximately 10.89 degrees with respect to a direction perpendicular to the first direction. In preferred embodiments, the orientation of arrays along adjacent parallel lines is rotated by sixty degrees with respect to each other. The architecture is particularly well-suited to CDMA systems. In preferred embodiments including smart antenna arrays, transmission to mobile users occurs along a primary multipath and two secondary multipaths. A method for determining performance of cellular systems by calculating the asymptotic capacity is also provided.