Abstract:
Provided herein is a process for preparing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid. The process includes the following steps: (A-1) preparing a starting mixture comprising one, two or more carbohydrate compounds selected from the group consisting of: hexoses, oligosaccharides comprising hexose units, and polysaccharides including hexose units, and as a solvent or as a co-solvent for the carbohydrate compounds an amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of a formula (II) and (A-2) subjecting the starting mixture to reaction conditions so that at least one of the one, two or more carbohydrate compounds reacts, and a fraction of the amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of formula (II) is hydrolyzed, resulting in a mixture including 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural and/or the one or more HMF esters of a formula (I), one or more carboxylic acids of a formula (III) and a remaining fraction of the amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of formula (II).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the synthesis of oxide materials, layered double hydroxide materials (LDH materials), hydroxide materials and carbonate-based materials with high surface area and controlled size and nano-particle shape as well as the formation of mixed metal hydroxides and hydroxycarbonates with high surface areas which can serve as precursor materials to deliver oxide materials after thermal treatment. The process of the invention relates to the preparation of oxide materials on the base of metal alkoxides which are hydrolyzed under highly controlled conditions in the presence of high-boiling and low-boiling alcohol whereby the low boiling-alcohol has to act as co-solvent.
Abstract:
A process for preparing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid is disclosed. The process includes the following steps: preparing or providing a starting mixture including 5-(hydroxy-methyl)furfural (HMF), 5,5′-[oxy-bis(methylene)]bis-2-furfural (di-HMF), and water; subjecting said starting mixture to oxidation conditions in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and a catalytically effective amount of a heterogeneous catalyst including one or more noble metals on a support so that both HMF and di-HMF react to give furane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in a product mixture also including water and oxidation by-products. The use of a catalyst is also disclosed, the catalyst including one or more noble metals on a support as an heterogeneous oxidation catalyst for catalyzing in an aqueous starting mixture the reaction of both HMF and di-HMF to furane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid.
Title translation:YTTRIUMHALTIGER催化剂用于高温KOHLENDIOXIDHYDRIERUNG,加之高温KOHLENDIOXIDHYDRIERUNG及改造和/或高温KOHLENDIOXIDHYDRIERUNG改革和方法,结合高温KOHLENDIOXIDHYDRIERUNG和重整和/或改革
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst for the high-temperature methods (i) carbon dioxide hydration, (ii) combined high-temperature carbon dioxide, and reforming and/or (iii) reforming of compounds containing hydrocarbons and/or carbon dioxide and to the use of the catalyst according to the invention in connection with the reforming and/or hydration of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, and/or carbon dioxide. For production of the catalyst a source of aluminium, which preferably comprises a water-soluble source of precursor, is brought into contact with an yttrium-containing metal salt solution, is dried, and calcined. The metal salt solution has, in addition to the yttrium species, at least one element from the group comprising cobalt, copper, nickel, iron, and zinc.
Abstract:
Catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing α,βethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene is provided.