摘要:
An energy-efficient water evaporation process uses a falling film evaporator having a plurality of substantially vertical and equidistant heat exchange elements made of a synthetic polymeric material. Each evaporating surface is in contact with a liquid spreading means, and each heat exchange element is heated by steam having a condensation temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the aqueous solution from which water is being evaporated. Steam formed by evaporation of water either is recompressed and reintroduced as heating steam in a single-stage process or is used as heating steam for another stage, operating at a lower temperature and pressure, in a multistage process. Heating steam condenses to fresh water, which is recovered. This process is operated at a low feed rate, preferably below 45 Kg of incoming aqueous solution per linear meter of horizontal width of each evaporating surface, and is capable of providing a 50% fresh water recovery per pass from sea water. Higher recoveries are possible in the case of brackish waters and various industrial waters. The process is useful in water desalination and purification.
摘要:
A thermoplastic heat exchanger which comprises individual elements made of two sheets of thermoplastic film sealed together at the edges of the sheets, either directly or with edge septa, there being protuberances extending from one of the sheets toward the second sheet and which may join to the second sheet. Optionally, the interior of the element may be divided into a plurality of channels by channel septa joined to both sheets. Two openings in the element provide access to the interior of the element for introduction and removal of a first fluid to and from the inside of the element. The device is adapted to exchange heat between the firstfluid conducted within the sheets and a second fluid in contact with the exterior faces of the sheets.
摘要:
A high efficiency heater for air or water is disclosed in which the combustion products from a flame are forced through water in a contacting device (10) in a manner to transfer aimost all of the useable heat of the combustion products to the water, and to heat the water to a temperature of about 50 to 85°C. The cooled waste gases are vented to the atmosphere, and the heated water is passed through a heat exchanger (14) to heat air or water such as for a home heating system. As the heated water passed from the contacting device (10) to the heat exchanger (14) is at a temperature below the normal boiling point of water, a plastic heat exchanger can be used, which is low enough in costto permit using a large unit for maximum heat utilization.
摘要:
An energy-efficient water evaporation process uses a falling film evaporator (5) having a plurality of substantially vertical and equidistant heat exchange elements made of a synthetic polymeric material. Each evaporating surface is in contact with a liquid spreading means, and each heat exchange element is heated by steam (5) having a condensation temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the aqueous solution from which water is being evaporated. Steam formed by evaporation of water either is recompressed (8) and reintroduced as heating steam in a single-stage process or is used as heating steam for another stage, operating at a lower temperature and pressure, in a multistage process. Heating steam condenses to fresh water, (10) which is recovered. This process is operated at a low feed rate, preferably below45 Kg of incoming aqueous solution per linear meter of horizontal width of each evaporating surface, and is capable of providing a 50% fresh water recovery per pass from sea water. Higher recoveries are possible in the case of brackish waters and various industrial waters. The process is useful in water desalination and purification.
摘要:
A thermoplastic heat exchanger which comprises individual elements made of two sheets of thermoplastic film sealed together at the edges of the sheets, either directly or with edge septa, there being protuberances extending from one of the sheets toward the second sheet and which may join to the second sheet. Optionally, the interior of the element may be divided into a plurality of channels by channel septa joined to both sheets. Two openings in the element provide access to the interior of the element for introduction and removal of a first fluid to and from the inside of the element. The device is adapted to exchange heat between the firstfluid conducted within the sheets and a second fluid in contact with the exterior faces of the sheets.