公开(公告)号：EP0171256B1

公开(公告)日：1990-03-21

申请号：EP85305429.4

申请日：1985-07-30

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Miller, James F. ,  Corte, Ernesto A. ,  Conwell, Richard L. ,  Lingren, Clinton L.

IPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N1/20

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/301 ,  G01N2223/617

公开(公告)号：EP0171256A3

公开(公告)日：1986-11-26

申请号：EP85305429

申请日：1985-07-30

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Miller, James F. ,  Corte, Ernesto A. ,  Conwell, Richard L. ,  Lingren, Clinton L.

IPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N01/20

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/301 ,  G01N2223/617

摘要： A complete prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) bulk material analyzer is self contained in a sealed and air conditioned housing. Bulk material is channeled by an open-ended vertical chute having a one-foot-by-three-foot cross-sectional dimension through an activation region between three neutron sources and two gamma ray detectors. The sources are symmetrically disposed on one of the three-foot- long sides of the chute from one end of such side to the other. The detectors are symmetrically disposed on the opposite side of the chute between positions opposing the positions of the sources on the one side of the chute. The chute is dimensioned to enable free flow of various bulk materials. It handles coal of up to a top size of four inches and with typical surface moisture contents and aglomeration characteristics. The relative disposition of the sources and detectors results in the measurements being independent of the lateral distribution of the bulk material within the chute. The signals produced by the detectors are continuously processed by signal processing equipment sealed within a separate compartment in the container to provide periodic measurements of the elemental content of the bulk material channeled through the activation region. A measurement of the bulk material channeled through the activation region during each periodic measurement interval is processed over several measurement intervals with the periodic elemental content measurements to provide weighted average measurements of the elemental content of bulk material over time periods representing average lots of the bulk material.

公开(公告)号：EP0633466B1

公开(公告)日：1998-08-26

申请号：EP94304636.7

申请日：1994-06-27

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Isaacson, Chris A. ,  Smith, Andrew H. ,  Stronski, James P. ,  Ackermann, Richard E. ,  Conwell, Richard L. ,  Shyu, Chaur-Ming

IPC分类号： G01N23/22 ,  G01N23/222

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N9/24

公开(公告)号：EP0633467A3

公开(公告)日：1996-04-03

申请号：EP94305007.0

申请日：1994-07-07

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Isaacson, Chris A. ,  Smith, Andrew H. ,  Shyu, Chaur-Ming ,  Proctor, Raymond

IPC分类号： G01N23/222

CPC分类号： G01N23/222

摘要： In a bulk material analyzer in which bulk material (38) is transported on a conveyor belt (40) through an activation region (34) between a pair of neutron sources (14) laterally disposed on one side of the activation region for emitting neutrons for bombarding the bulk material within the activation region to cause gamma-rays to be emitted from the bombarded bulk material and a pair of gamma-ray detectors (16) laterally disposed on another side of the activation region for detecting gamma-rays emitted from the bulk material, a primary neutron moderator (20) is disposed about the neutron sources for reducing the velocity of the emitted neutrons; and a secondary neutron moderator (22) is disposed about the primary neutron moderator for further reducing the velocity of the neutrons and is further disposed adjacent the lateral edges of the activation region for channeling and reflecting the neutrons into the activation region. The two gamma-ray detectors are disposed toward opposite lateral edges of the activation region, with each detector being skewed so that a portion of each detector that is closer to the edge of the activation region toward which the detector is disposed than to the lateral center of the activation region is disposed closer to a plane passing laterally through the center of the activation region than is another portion of each detector that is closer to the lateral center of the activation region than to the edge of the activation region toward which the detector is disposed. Spatial compensators (27) of primarily neutron moderating material are respectively disposed over the detectors for gradually reflecting neutrons toward the activation region, with reflection increasing in a direction away from the lateral center of the activation region. Bladders (62) containing a liquid primary neutron moderating material that expands and contracts with temperature variations, such as heavy water, are tightly packed within a compartment (60) for maintaining a substantial quantity of the liquid material between the neutron sources and the activation region notwithstanding thermal contraction of the liquid material; and a resilient compressible foam (64) is disposed about the bladders for enabling the tight packing of the liquid material to be maintained notwithstanding expansion and contraction of the liquid material.

公开(公告)号：EP0633467A2

公开(公告)日：1995-01-11

申请号：EP94305007.0

申请日：1994-07-07

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Isaacson, Chris A. ,  Smith, Andrew H. ,  Shyu, Chaur-Ming ,  Proctor, Raymond

IPC分类号： G01N23/222

CPC分类号： G01N23/222

摘要： In a bulk material analyzer in which bulk material (38) is transported on a conveyor belt (40) through an activation region (34) between a pair of neutron sources (14) laterally disposed on one side of the activation region for emitting neutrons for bombarding the bulk material within the activation region to cause gamma-rays to be emitted from the bombarded bulk material and a pair of gamma-ray detectors (16) laterally disposed on another side of the activation region for detecting gamma-rays emitted from the bulk material, a primary neutron moderator (20) is disposed about the neutron sources for reducing the velocity of the emitted neutrons; and a secondary neutron moderator (22) is disposed about the primary neutron moderator for further reducing the velocity of the neutrons and is further disposed adjacent the lateral edges of the activation region for channeling and reflecting the neutrons into the activation region. The two gamma-ray detectors are disposed toward opposite lateral edges of the activation region, with each detector being skewed so that a portion of each detector that is closer to the edge of the activation region toward which the detector is disposed than to the lateral center of the activation region is disposed closer to a plane passing laterally through the center of the activation region than is another portion of each detector that is closer to the lateral center of the activation region than to the edge of the activation region toward which the detector is disposed. Spatial compensators (27) of primarily neutron moderating material are respectively disposed over the detectors for gradually reflecting neutrons toward the activation region, with reflection increasing in a direction away from the lateral center of the activation region. Bladders (62) containing a liquid primary neutron moderating material that expands and contracts with temperature variations, such as heavy water, are tightly packed within a compartment (60) for maintaining a substantial quantity of the liquid material between the neutron sources and the activation region notwithstanding thermal contraction of the liquid material; and a resilient compressible foam (64) is disposed about the bladders for enabling the tight packing of the liquid material to be maintained notwithstanding expansion and contraction of the liquid material.

摘要翻译： 在散装材料分析器中，其中散装材料（38）通过侧向设置在激活区域的一侧上的一对中子源（14）之间的激活区域（34）在输送带（40）上输送，用于发射中子 在激活区域内轰击散装材料以引起伽马射线从被轰击的散装材料和横向设置在激活区域的另一侧上的一对伽马射线探测器（16），用于检测从散装物体发射的伽马射线 材料，围绕中子源设置初级中子减速器（20）以减少所发射的中子的速度; 并且次级中子减速器（22）围绕初级中子减速器设置以进一步降低中子的速度，并且进一步设置在激活区域的侧边缘附近，用于将中子引导并反射到激活区域中。 两个伽马射线探测器设置在激活区域的相对的侧边缘处，每个检测器被偏斜，使得每个检测器的一部分比检测器设置的位置更靠近激活区域的边缘而不是侧向中心 激活区域的位置比靠近激活区域的中心的穿过激活区域的中心的平面更靠近每个检测器的比激活区域的横向中心更靠近检测器的激活区域的边缘的部分 处置。 主要中子调节材料的空间补偿器（27）分别设置在检测器上，用于逐渐向激活区域反射中子，反射在远离激活区域的横向中心的方向上增加。 包含膨胀和收缩温度变化例如重水的液体初级中子缓和材料的气囊（62）被紧密地包装在隔室（60）内，用于在中子源和激活区域之间维持大量的液体材料 尽管液体材料的热收缩; 并且弹性可压缩泡沫（64）设置在气囊周围，以使得液体材料的紧密填充尽管液体材料的膨胀和收缩仍然保持。

公开(公告)号：EP0633466A1

公开(公告)日：1995-01-11

申请号：EP94304636.7

申请日：1994-06-27

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Isaacson, Chris A. ,  Smith, Andrew H. ,  Stronski, James P. ,  Ackermann, Richard E. ,  Conwell, Richard L. ,  Shyu, Chaur-Ming

IPC分类号： G01N23/22 ,  G01N23/222

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N9/24

摘要： A bulk material analyzer assembly (10) of the type in which the bulk material is transported through the material analyzer assembly on a conveyor belt (68) between at least one radiation source (33) and at least one radiation detector (37), includes a plurality of lower modules (11, 14, 16, 22, 24) and upper modules (12, 18, 20, 26, 28) that contain radiation shielding material (30, 34, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54) and are so shaped as to define a passageway (38) for the conveyor belt between the upper modules and the lower modules when the upper modules are placed on the lower modules. A primary centrally located lower module (11) also includes the radiation sources (33) and a primary centrally located upper module (12) also includes the radiation detectors (37). Some of the outwardly located modules contain less radiation shielding material. The radiation shielding material includes a plurality of personally portable blocks. The conveyor belt is supported by compressed air passed through apertures (72) in central upper walls (73) in the outwardly located lower modules. The lower modules contain alignment members (84) on upward facing surfaces thereof and the upper modules contain alignment members on downward facing surfaces thereof that are complementary to the alignment members on the upward facing surfaces in order to enable the upper modules to be accurately placed on the lower modules. The lower modules each include a central upper wall bounded by outwardly inclined inner side walls (78) to define a trough for accommodating passage through the passageway of a conveyor belt having a contour corresponding to the trough.

摘要翻译： 一种散装材料分析器组件（10），其中散装材料通过材料分析器组件传送到至少一个辐射源（33）和至少一个辐射探测器（37）之间的传送带（68）上，包括 多个下部模块（11,14,16,22,24）和上部模块（12,18,20,26,28），其包含辐射屏蔽材料（30,34,40,42,44,46,48） 50，52,54），并且被成形为当上模块放置在下模块上时，在上模块和下模块之间限定用于传送带的通道（38）。 主要中心定位的下部模块（11）还包括辐射源（33）和主要位于中央的上部模块（12），还包括辐射探测器（37）。 一些向外定位的模块包含较少的辐射屏蔽材料。 辐射屏蔽材料包括多个个人携带块。 输送带由压缩空气支撑，该压缩空气通过位于向外定位的下部模块中的中心上壁（73）中的孔（72）。 下模块在其向上的表面上包含对准构件（84），并且上模块在其面向下的表面上包含对准构件，其对准面向上的对准构件互补，以使上模块能够准确地放置在 下模块。 下部模块各自包括由向外倾斜的内侧壁（78）限定的中心上壁，以限定用于容纳通过具有对应于槽的轮廓的传送带的通道的槽。

公开(公告)号：EP0459648A1

公开(公告)日：1991-12-04

申请号：EP91304246.1

申请日：1991-05-10

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Hurwitz, Michael Jack ,  Tran, Kim Chinh ,  Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Conwell, Richard L.

IPC分类号： G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/083

CPC分类号： G01V5/0033 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： A system for detecting the presence of a given substance, such as an explosive or a narcotic substance, within a monitored object (16), such as luggage, includes an X-ray scanning system (10); a prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) scanning system (12); a conveyor (14) for transporting a monitored object through the X-ray scanning system and the PGNAA scanning system. The X-ray scanning system provides X-ray data signals (26) in response to X-ray scanning of the transported monitored object. The neutron analysis scanning system provides neutron analysis data signals (28) in response to PGNAA scanning of the transported monitored object. A data processing system (30, 32) processes the X-ray data signals and/or the neutron analysis data signals to provide an indication as to whether the transported monitored object contains at least a predetermined amount of a given substance. Both the X-ray scanning system and the PGNAA scanning system are contained within a common housing (18) having common radiation shielding material (20) positioned for shielding persons and objects outside the housing from both X-rays and radiation generated by the neutron analysis scanning system. The data processing system generates discriminants from the X-ray data signals and the neutron analysis data signals and conditions a neural network with the discriminants so that X-ray data signals and the neutron analysis data signals for monitored objects having unknown contents can be processed in accordance with the neural network to determine whether at least a predetermined amount of the given substance is contained within the monitored object.

摘要翻译： 用于检测被监测物体（16）内诸如炸药或麻醉物质之类的特定物质的存在的系统，例如行李，包括X射线扫描系统（10）; 快速伽马中子激活分析（PGNAA）扫描系统（12）; 用于通过X射线扫描系统和PGNAA扫描系统传送被监视物体的传送器（14）。 X射线扫描系统响应于所传送的被监测对象的X射线扫描而提供X射线数据信号（26）。 中子分析扫描系统响应于所传送的被监测对象的PGNAA扫描而提供中子分析数据信号（28）。 数据处理系统（30,32）处理X射线数据信号和/或中子分析数据信号，以提供关于传送的被监视对象是否包含至少预定量的给定物质的指示。 X射线扫描系统和PGNAA扫描系统都包含在具有共同的辐射屏蔽材料（20）的公共壳体（18）中，该辐射屏蔽材料（20）被定位成用于屏蔽来自外壳的人和物体的X射线和中子分析产生的辐射 扫描系统。 数据处理系统从X射线数据信号和中子分析数据信号中产生辨别力，并对具有辨别力的神经网络进行调节，以便可以处理具有未知内容的被监视对象的X射线数据信号和中子分析数据信号 根据神经网络来确定至少预定量的给定物质是否包含在被监测物体内。

公开(公告)号：EP0171256A2

公开(公告)日：1986-02-12

申请号：EP85305429.4

申请日：1985-07-30

申请人： GAMMA-METRICS

发明人： Atwell, Thomas L. ,  Miller, James F. ,  Corte, Ernesto A. ,  Conwell, Richard L. ,  Lingren, Clinton L.

IPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N1/20

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/301 ,  G01N2223/617

摘要： A complete prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) bulk material analyzer is self contained in a sealed and air conditioned housing. Bulk material is channeled by an open-ended vertical chute having a one-foot-by-three-foot cross-sectional dimension through an activation region between three neutron sources and two gamma ray detectors. The sources are symmetrically disposed on one of the three-foot- long sides of the chute from one end of such side to the other. The detectors are symmetrically disposed on the opposite side of the chute between positions opposing the positions of the sources on the one side of the chute. The chute is dimensioned to enable free flow of various bulk materials. It handles coal of up to a top size of four inches and with typical surface moisture contents and aglomeration characteristics. The relative disposition of the sources and detectors results in the measurements being independent of the lateral distribution of the bulk material within the chute. The signals produced by the detectors are continuously processed by signal processing equipment sealed within a separate compartment in the container to provide periodic measurements of the elemental content of the bulk material channeled through the activation region. A measurement of the bulk material channeled through the activation region during each periodic measurement interval is processed over several measurement intervals with the periodic elemental content measurements to provide weighted average measurements of the elemental content of bulk material over time periods representing average lots of the bulk material.