摘要:
A pressure vessel (10) for processing at least one material in a supercritical fluid. The pressure vessel (10) includes a self-pressurizing capsule (12) for containing at least one material and the supercritical fluid in a substantially air-free environment, a pressure transmission medium (14) surrounding the capsule (12) for maintaining an outer pressure on the capsule (12), at least one heating element (18) insertable in the pressure transmission medium (14) such that the heating element (18) surrounds the capsule (12), a temperature measurement means for measuring a temperature of the capsule (12), a temperature controller (22) for controlling the temperature and providing power to the heating element (18), a restraint (24) to contain and hold in place the capsule (12), the pressure transmission medium (14), and the heating element (18), and at least one seal (120, 122) between the restraint (24) and the pressure transmission medium (14). Methods of using the pressure vessel (10), processing a material at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of a supercritical fluid within the capsule (12) are also described.
摘要:
A pressure vessel (10) for processing at least one material in a supercritical fluid. The pressure vessel (10) includes a self-pressurizing capsule (12) for containing at least one material and the supercritical fluid in a substantially air-free environment, a pressure transmission medium (14) surrounding the capsule (12) for maintaining an outer pressure on the capsule (12), at least one heating element (18) insertable in the pressure transmission medium (14) such that the heating element (18) surrounds the capsule (12), a temperature measurement means for measuring a temperature of the capsule (12), a temperature controller (22) for controlling the temperature and providing power to the heating element (18), a restraint (24) to contain and hold in place the capsule (12), the pressure transmission medium (14), and the heating element (18), and at least one seal (120, 122) between the restraint (24) and the pressure transmission medium (14). Methods of using the pressure vessel (10), processing a material at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of a supercritical fluid within the capsule (12) are also described.
摘要:
A capsule for containing at least one reactant and a supercritical fluid in a substantially air-free environment under high pressure, high temperature processing conditions. The capsule includes a closed end, at least one wall adjoining the closed end and extending from the closed end; and a sealed end adjoining the at least one wall opposite the closed end. The at least one wall, closed end, and sealed end define a chamber therein for containing the reactant and a solvent that becomes a supercritical fluid at high temperatures and high pressures. The capsule is formed from a deformable material and is fluid impermeable and chemically inert with respect to the reactant and the supercritical fluid under processing conditions, which are generally above 5 kbar and 550°C and, preferably, at pressures between 5 kbar and 80 kbar and temperatures between 550°C and about 1500°C. The invention also includes methods of filling the capsule with the solvent and sealing the capsule, as well as an apparatus for sealing the capsule.
摘要:
A high temperature/high pressure (HP/HT) apparatus for converting feedstock housed in a capsule into product crystals, comprising at least two electrical heating paths for independent control of both the mean temperature in the reaction cell and the temperature gradient across the reaction cell.