摘要:
Roughly described, an optical device has first and second waveguide segments which are constructed such that irradiation changes both average refractive index and also birefringence in the respective segment. The change in birefringence as a function of the change in average refractive index, is different for the two segments. Predetermined lengths of each of the two segments are irradiated. In an MZI, the technique can be used to adjust simultaneously for one or more of differential path length phase delays, coupler-induced phase errors, and frequency errors.
摘要:
In one aspect of the invention, roughly stated, Applicants have discovered that a compensation material within slot elongated in a direction parallel to a segment of waveguide in an arrayed waveguide grating apparatus can compensate for both first and second order change in refractive index of the base waveguide material over temperature. Unlike the transverse slots of conventional linear athermalization techniques, the elongated slot generally parallel to the base material defines a composite waveguide section having a second order effective index of refraction temperature dependency which can be utilized to accurately minimize the temperature dependence of the overall optical path length to both the first and second order. The techniques described herein are also generalizeable to neutralization of the optical path length temperature dependence to any order.