摘要:
A liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices, comprises an ionic liquid having general formula (1) below and a melting point of up to 50°C
wherein R 1 to R 4 are each independently an alkyl of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl of the formula R'-O-(CH 2 ) n -, R' being methyl or ethyl and the letter n being an integer from 1 to 4, and any two from among R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may together form a ring, with the proviso that at least one of groups R 1 to R 4 is an alkoxyalkyl of the above formula; and Y is a monovalent anion. It may also include a nonaqueous organic solvent and/or an ion conductive salt.
摘要:
A liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices comprises an ionic liquid having general formula (1) below and a melting point of up to 50°C
wherein R 1 and R 4 are each independently an alkyl of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl of the formula R'-0-(CH 2 ) n -, R' being methyl or ethyl and the letter n being an integer from 1 to 4, with the proviso that at least one of groups R 1 to R 4 is an alkoxyalkyl of the above formula; and Y is a monovalent anion. It may also include a nonaqueous organic solvent and/or an ion conductive salt.
摘要:
The present invention provide: a bioreactor carrier having a suitable water swelling property, a suitable degree of volumetric swelling and a suitable specific gravity as well as exhibiting high chemical resistance to be suitable for use in the microbial treatment of organic waste water having a high chemical content; processes for efficiently producing the bioreactor carrier; and use of the bioreactor carrier. More specifically, there are provided: a chemical-resistant bioreactor carrier comprising (A) a specific water-swellable thermoplastic resin and (B) a specific resin compatible with the water-swellable thermoplastic resin (A), and as the case may be, (C) an inorganic filler, characterized in that the degree of volumetric swelling of the carrier is controlled to within a range of 120 to 3,000% and that the specific gravity of the carrier on swelling in water is controlled to within a range of 0.98 to 2.12; processes for efficiently producing the chemical-resistant bioreactor carrier; and a denitrification process for organic waste water having a high chemical content, characterized in that the chemical-resistant bioreactor carrier is used as a microbe immobilization carrier in the microbial nitrification and denitrification of nitrogenous components in the organic waste water.
摘要:
There is disclosed a process for nitrifying denitrifying organic waste water to nitrify and denitrify the nitrogenous components in the waste water, which comprises making use of a microbe carrier composed of an organic thermoplastic high molecular compound ( thermoplastic polyurethane) in both a nitrifying step and a denitrifying step, preferably in an alternate and repeated manner, wherein the compound has, in a state of complete swelling in water, a water absorption rate in the range of 50 to 3500% , a compressive yield stress of at least 1.0 MPa each being defined by a specific formula, and a particle diameter in the range of 1.0 to 30mm. The process is capable of efficiently performing nitrifying and denitrifying steps, steadily achieving high treatment performances, contriving compactification of the treatment facility, and curtailing the treatment time and treatment cost, while the microbe carrier can withstand long-term service without any trouble.
摘要:
A liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices comprises an ionic liquid having general formula (1) below and a melting point of up to 50°C
wherein R 1 and R 4 are each independently an alkyl of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl of the formula R'-0-(CH 2 ) n -, R' being methyl or ethyl and the letter n being an integer from 1 to 4, with the proviso that at least one of groups R 1 to R 4 is an alkoxyalkyl of the above formula; and Y is a monovalent anion. It may also include a nonaqueous organic solvent and/or an ion conductive salt.
摘要:
Electrical storage devices having excellent low-temperature properties can be obtained by using a quaternary salt (or ionic liquid) of general formula (1) below as an electrolyte salt for electrical storage devices or a liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices. In formula (1), R to R are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl group of the formula R'-O-(CH2)n-, with the proviso that at least one group from among R to R is the above alkoxyalkyl group. X is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, and Y is a monovalent anion.
摘要:
Electrical storage devices having excellent low-temperature properties can be obtained by using a quaternary salt (or ionic liquid) of general formula (1) below as an electrolyte salt for electrical storage devices or a liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices. In formula (1), R to R are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl group of the formula R'-O-(CH2)n-, with the proviso that at least one group from among R to R is the above alkoxyalkyl group. X is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, and Y is a monovalent anion.
摘要:
This is a second divisional application of the European patent application published as EP12570036, filed on may, 10, 2002, and claiming priority of Japanese patent application JP 2001-140449 filed on may, 10, 2001. A capacitor system suitable for charging and discharging of a vehicle such as discharging due to starting of an engine, charging by an alternator, and recharging upon braking. The capacitor system can be a vehicle power source having several connected cells in which ion conductive materials are arranged between a pair of electrode structures with large surface area materials and an electronic double layer is formed between the large surface area materials in the electrode structure and an electrolyte of the ion conductive materials. Charging and discharging are controlled for state of charge of the capacitor unit with several connected modules to be within a predetermined range. A minimum charge within the predetermine range is within a rated voltage of the capacitor unit with several connected modules.
摘要:
An ionic liquid of general formula (1) below, e.g. for use as an electrolyte salt or a liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices.
In formula (1), R 1 to R 4 are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxyalkyl group of the formula R' -O- (CH 2 ) n -, with the proviso that at least one group from among R 1 to R 4 is the above alkoxyalkyl group, and two of the other groups form a ring. Y is a monovalent anion.
摘要:
A polymer battery which includes a cell assembly having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator composed primarily of a fluoropolymer is manufactured by impregnating the cell assembly with an electrolyte composition containing (A) an ion-conductive salt, (B) a solvent in which the ion-conductive salt is soluble and (C) a compound having at least two reactive double bonds per molecule, then reacting the component C compound to form a three-dimensional network structure. The polymer battery has a high safety, a good thermal cycling resistance and robust characteristics even when held at an elevated temperature, making it particularly suitable for use as a lithium secondary cell or a lithium ion secondary cell.