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公开(公告)号：EP0013973A1
公开(公告)日：1980-08-06
申请号：EP80100312.0
申请日：1980-01-22
IPC分类号： G02B5/32
CPC分类号： G02B5/32
摘要： A method and apparatus for holographically processing optical signals in a fiber-optic sensor system. In the present invention, holographic processors are utilized in various combinations with light sources, fiber-optic transmission means, sensors and detectors to provide low cost, compact, sensitive and accurate sensor systems.
By means of the holographic processors of the present invention, the aforementioned sensor systems are used to monitor such physical parameters as temperature, pressure, flow-rate, and the like, and to provide output signal indications thereof that are compatible with digital receiving stations and immune to electro-magnetic interference, hazardous atmosphere, and the inimical effects of inadvertent intensity variation due to equipment vibration and the like.
In one typical embodiment, a pair of holographic processors are employed in a color multiplex-demultiplex sensor system in which a first holographic processor is employed to color multiplex a sensor signal and a second holographic processor is employed to decode the color-multiplexed signal into a binary pattern that is then transmitted onto a set of photo-detectors.
In each of the embodiments of the invention disclosed, a unique geometrical orientation of a hologram is utilized to minimize spurious signal interference that would otherwise hamper or totally preclude the holographic processing.-
2.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0045345A1
公开(公告)日：1982-02-10
申请号：EP81101687.2
申请日：1981-03-09
CPC分类号： G02B6/105 , C03C25/62 , C03C25/628 , C03C25/6286
摘要： A method of fabrication and the resulting structure for a birefringent transmission line having particular application as an optical waveguide. The instant transmission line is fabricated so as to be adapted to maintain the state (e.g. the polarization vector) of polarized electromagnetic radiation propagating therethrough. Birefringence in the instant transmission line is geometrically generated by producing oblong regions having different indices of refraction through a cross-section of the transmission line. A preferred technique by which to generate birefringence includes the method step of bombarding the transmission line with a supply of atomic particules, such as energetic hydrogen ions, whereby to implant a damaged region of oblong cross-section and thereby cause an internal swelling therein. By way of a preferred example, the transmission line herein described may be a single-mode optical fiber.
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3.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0014373A1
公开(公告)日：1980-08-20
申请号：EP80100311.2
申请日：1980-01-22
摘要： A low cost, easily fabricated optical sensor comprising a narrow band filter (1) that is responsive to changes in a physical parameter, such as temperature or pressure. The narrow band filter is fabricated by means of a crystalline structure, such as an anisotropic crystal (2), that is common to many hexagonal materials. Polarized incident lightwaves can be electromagnetically coupled in the crystal from one perpendicular optical axis to another at a particular wavelength, which wavelength is representative of the physical parameter to be sensed. The crystal selectively transmits an output light signal that has the wavelength or color at which the electromagnetic coupling occurs. By detecting and analyzing the wavelength or color of the output light signal, an accurate indication of the parameter can be obtained.
摘要翻译： 一种低成本，容易制造的光学传感器，其包括响应物理参数（诸如温度或压力）的变化的窄带滤光器（1）。 通过诸如各向异性晶体（2）的结晶结构制造窄带滤光片，这是许多六方晶体材料所共有的。 极化的入射光波可以在一个垂直的光轴上在一个垂直的光轴上电磁耦合到另一个在特定的波长，这个波长代表要被感测的物理参数。 晶体选择性地发射具有发生电磁耦合的波长或颜色的输出光信号。 通过检测和分析输出光信号的波长或颜色，可以获得参数的精确指示。
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4.发明公开Method and apparatus for a Fabrey-Perot multiple beam fringe sensor 失效用于与多个波束一个Fabrey - 珀罗干涉传感器的方法和装置。
公开(公告)号：EP0013974A1
公开(公告)日：1980-08-06
申请号：EP80100313.8
申请日：1980-01-22
摘要： A method and the resulting apparatus for implementing a unique multiple beam fringe sensor that is adapted to be interfaced with a low cost, compact fiber optic transmission system in order to provide an accurate digital representation of a physical parameter (e. g. temperature) of a remote sample. The sensor is fabricated so as to include a Fabrey-Perot gap (2) formed between the ends of two mated optical (10, 12) fibers. By examining the optical characteristics of light that is transmitted through the Fabrey-Perot sensor gap (2), an indication of gap width can be ascertained. Accordingly, a change in Fabrey-Perot sensor gap width is related to a change in the particular physical parameter to be measured.
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5.发明公开Tapered mixing rod for a fiber optical multi-port coupler 失效KonischerMischkörperfüreinen fiber-optischen Mehrfachkuppler。
公开(公告)号：EP0013972A1
公开(公告)日：1980-08-06
申请号：EP80100310.4
申请日：1980-01-22
IPC分类号： G02B5/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/2808
摘要： An apparatus for improved efficiency coupling of optical energy is disclosed. Coupling of the optical energy from one or more input fiber optic cables (30, 32) to a larger number of output fiber optic cables (34) is accomplished by means of a mixing rod (28) having input and output cross-sectional areas substantially matched to the input and output coupled fiber groups, respectively, and having appropriate tapering of the rod crosssection therebetween.
As a result of tapering the mixing rod, the coupler provides gradual reflection angle reduction that permits retention of the transmission system numerical aperture despite random refractive bending due to surface imperfections at the mixing rod/fiber coupling junction. In addition, an input coupling junction of prior art straight mixing rod couplers is obviated in the tapered mixing rod coupler, thereby eliminating a source of undesirable coupling loss.摘要翻译： 公开了一种改善光能效率耦合的装置。 将来自一个或多个输入光纤电缆（30,32）的光能耦合到更大数量的输出光纤电缆（34），通过混合杆（28）来实现，该混合杆具有输入和输出横截面积 分别与输入和输出耦合的光纤组匹配，并且在它们之间具有适当的棒状横截面。 由于混合杆变细，耦合器提供逐渐的反射角度减小，其允许保持传输系统数值孔径，尽管由于混合杆/光纤耦合接头处的表面缺陷而导致随机的折射弯曲。 此外，在锥形混合杆联接器中避免了现有技术的直接混合杆联接器的输入耦合结，从而消除了不期望的耦合损耗的来源。
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6.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0014848A3
公开(公告)日：1980-11-26
申请号：EP80100314
申请日：1980-01-22
摘要： a method and resulting apparatus for implementing a unique optical sensor that is adapted to be interfaced with a low cost, compact fiber-optic transmission system to provide an accurate indication of a sensed physical parameter (e.g. temperature) of a remote sample. The sensor is fabricated so as to include a semiconductor material that has optical-wavelength-dependent filter characteristics that may be varied as a function of a physical parameter such astemperature. In one embodiment, a graded optical filter fabricated by using thin-film deposition techniques on an amorphous semiconductor material, provides position responsive high-pass filter characteristics. Such filter characteristics are then utilized by moving a light source as a function of a physical parameter and generating an optical signal therefrom having a cutoff frequency dependent upon the position of the light source. In another embodiment, the temperature dependent frequency cutoff characteristics in the absorption edge of amorphous selenium, are utilized more directly in an optical temperature sensor. The optical utilization of amorphous semiconductor material is a particularly advantageous feature of the invention in reducing the cost and complexity of semiconductor optical filters.
摘要翻译： 一种用于实现独特的光学传感器的方法和结果装置，其适于与低成本，紧凑的光纤传输系统接口，以提供远程样本的感测物理参数（例如温度）的准确指示。 传感器被制造成包括具有光学波长依赖的滤光器特性的半导体材料，该特性可以作为诸如温度的物理参数的函数而变化。 在一个实施例中，通过在非晶半导体材料上使用薄膜沉积技术制造的渐变滤光器提供位置响应的高通滤波器特性。 然后通过根据物理参数移动光源并产生具有取决于光源的位置的截止频率的光信号来利用这种滤波器特性。 在另一个实施例中，非晶硒的吸收边缘中的温度依赖的频率截止特性在光学温度传感器中更直接地被利用。 非晶半导体材料的光学利用是降低半导体光学滤波器的成本和复杂性的本发明的特别有利的特征。
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公开(公告)号：EP0014849A1
公开(公告)日：1980-09-03
申请号：EP80100315.3
申请日：1980-01-22
IPC分类号： G01K11/12
CPC分类号： G01K11/12
摘要： A temperature sensor comprising an optical transducer member having an array of birefringent crystals (32). The length and, accordingly, the sensitivity to temperature change of successive birefringent crystals (32) varies according to a particular relationship. The transducer is interconnected with a fiber optic transmission (26,38) and detecting system (40). Respective optical output signals that are transmitted from the birefringent crystals (32) via the fiber optic transmission system (38) are detected (40) and decoded (42) so as to correspond to digits of a numbering system, whereby an accurate digital representation of temperature can ultimately be provided.
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8.发明公开Method and apparatus for an optical sensor utilizing semiconductor filters 失效Verfahren und Vorrichtungfüreinen Halbleiter-Filter verwendenden optischenFühler。
公开(公告)号：EP0014848A2
公开(公告)日：1980-09-03
申请号：EP80100314.6
申请日：1980-01-22
摘要： a method and resulting apparatus for implementing a unique optical sensor that is adapted to be interfaced with a low cost, compact fiber-optic transmission system to provide an accurate indication of a sensed physical parameter (e.g. temperature) of a remote sample. The sensor is fabricated so as to include a semiconductor material that has optical-wavelength-dependent filter characteristics that may be varied as a function of a physical parameter such astemperature.
In one embodiment, a graded optical filter fabricated by using thin-film deposition techniques on an amorphous semiconductor material, provides position responsive high-pass filter characteristics. Such filter characteristics are then utilized by moving a light source as a function of a physical parameter and generating an optical signal therefrom having a cutoff frequency dependent upon the position of the light source.
In another embodiment, the temperature dependent frequency cutoff characteristics in the absorption edge of amorphous selenium, are utilized more directly in an optical temperature sensor. The optical utilization of amorphous semiconductor material is a particularly advantageous feature of the invention in reducing the cost and complexity of semiconductor optical filters.摘要翻译： 一种用于实现独特的光学传感器的方法和结果装置，其适于与低成本，紧凑的光纤传输系统接口，以提供远程样本的感测物理参数（例如温度）的准确指示。 传感器被制造成包括具有光学波长依赖的滤光器特性的半导体材料，该特性可以作为诸如温度的物理参数的函数而变化。 在一个实施例中，通过在非晶半导体材料上使用薄膜沉积技术制造的渐变滤光器提供位置响应的高通滤波器特性。 然后通过根据物理参数移动光源并产生具有取决于光源的位置的截止频率的光信号来利用这种滤波器特性。 在另一个实施例中，非晶硒的吸收边缘中的温度依赖的频率截止特性在光学温度传感器中更直接地被利用。 非晶半导体材料的光学利用是降低半导体光学滤波器的成本和复杂性的本发明的特别有利的特征。
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9.发明公开Means for sensing and color multiplexing optical data over a compact fiber optical transmission system 失效布置用于感测和Farbmultiplexierung光学数据的紧凑光纤传输系统上。
公开(公告)号：EP0013971A1
公开(公告)日：1980-08-06
申请号：EP80100309.6
申请日：1980-01-22
CPC分类号： G01D5/34792
摘要： Optical sensor apparatus and associated means by which to color multiplex optically encoded information signals over a compact fiber optic transmission system. The sensor apparatus includes a movable coded masking means. The masking means is fabricated with a plurality of parallel rows, each of which rows comprising a binary weighted pattern of alternately spaced transparent and opaque areas. Incident white light is spectrally dispersed, so that each of the rows of the masking means receives a respective color. As the masking means is moved in response to an input physical parameter that is to be sensed, the corresponding binary coded output color signals that are transmitted through the transparent areas of the masking means are recombined and multiplexed over either a single optical fiber or a bundle of incoherent optical fibers. After demultiplexing or spectral dispersion of the multiplexed output signal, a photo-detector means is utilized to receive the individual demultiplexed binary coded output color signals and to provide a numerical equivalent of the position of the masking means and, accordingly, the physical parameter represented thereby.
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