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公开(公告)号：EP0251632B1
公开(公告)日：1993-04-14
申请号：EP87305541.2
申请日：1987-06-22
IPC分类号： G01D5/26
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
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公开(公告)号：EP0346951A3
公开(公告)日：1990-01-17
申请号：EP89115683.8
申请日：1984-09-20
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/06745 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A side pumped, fiber optic amplifier comprises an optical fiber (12), having a first refractive index, formed of a laser material, such as Nd:YAG. A jacket (14), which surrounds the optical fiber (12), has a second refractive index, lower than the first refractive index. This jacket (14) is cone shaped and tapers from a large end (16) to a small end (18). High power laser diodes are mounted on the large end (16) to produce collimated pump light to pump the optical fiber material. The cone shaped jacket (14) focuses this pump light to an interaction region at the small end (18), where the jacket material is quite thin, e.g. on the same order of magnitude as the diameter of the optical fiber (12). The focused light is absorbed by the optical fiber (12) in this interaction region, and causes an electronic population inversion in the laser fiber material. A signal propagating through the optical fiber (12) stimulates spontaneous emission from the optically excited laser material, thereby resulting in amplification of the signal.
摘要翻译： 侧面泵浦的光纤放大器包括具有第一折射率的光纤（12），其由诸如Nd：YAG的激光材料形成。 围绕光纤（12）的护套（14）具有低于第一折射率的第二折射率。 该外套（14）是锥形的并且从大端（16）到小端（18）逐渐变细。 大功率激光二极管安装在大端（16）上，以产生准直泵浦光来泵浦光纤材料。 锥形护套（14）将该泵浦光聚焦到小端（18）处的相互作用区域，其中护套材料非常薄，例如， 在与光纤（12）的直径相同的数量级上。 聚焦的光在该相互作用区域中被光纤（12）吸收，并引起激光纤维材料中的电子群反转。 传播通过光纤（12）的信号刺激来自光激发激光材料的自发发射，从而导致信号的放大。
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3.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0190922A3
公开(公告)日：1988-08-03
申请号：EP86300753
申请日：1986-02-05
CPC分类号： G01M11/088 , G01N21/23
摘要： An apparauts and process for accurate alignament of the birefrigent axes of circular fibers, and differentiation between the fast and slow axes utilizing an externally induced stress birefringence to change the orientation and magnitude of the natural fiber birefringence at a selected point along the length of the fiber (24) is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light source (60) for supplying polarized light to the fiber (24), means (66, 68) for inducing stress to the fiber at that point in a variable direction and means (78) for monitoring the effect on the light as that direction is varied. A measurement of coupling from one polarization mode of the fiber to the othe as the axis of induced stress is changed provides an accurate determination of the lacation of the birefringent axes of the fiber (24).
摘要翻译： 用于精确对齐圆形纤维的双向轴线的方法和方法，以及利用外部诱发的应力双折射来快速和慢速轴之间的差异，以改变沿着纤维长度的选定点处的天然纤维双折射的取向和大小 （24）。 该设备包括用于向光纤（24）提供偏振光的光源（60），用于在可变方向上在该点处对光纤引起应力的装置（66,68），以及用于监测对光纤的影响的装置（78） 这个方向的光线是多样的。 作为感应应力轴的变化，从纤维的一个偏振模式到其它偏振模式的耦合的测量提供了对光纤（24）的双折射轴的光泽的精确测定。
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公开(公告)号：EP0139436B1
公开(公告)日：1987-11-19
申请号：EP84306039.3
申请日：1984-09-04
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/1643
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公开(公告)号：EP0143561A3
公开(公告)日：1987-10-07
申请号：EP84307527
申请日：1984-11-02
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094011 , H04B10/291
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal (44, Figs. 9, 12, and 13) placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber (12b, 54). The ND:YAG crystal (44) is supplied by the optical fiber (12b, 54, 62) with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber (12b, 54, 62) by a multiplexing coupler (10b, 50, 60) which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source (42) onto the single optical fiber (12b, 54, 62). The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal (44). The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal (44) to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal (44) to be end- pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal (44) may be substantially greater than the absorption length for the crystal (44) at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal (44) and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber (12b, 54, 62).
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公开(公告)号：EP0184270A3
公开(公告)日：1987-04-08
申请号：EP85202092
申请日：1982-09-08
CPC分类号： G01D5/32 , G01D5/268 , G01K11/32 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283
摘要： A transducer includes a fiber optic coupler (10) having a variable coupling efficiency. The fiber optic coupler includes a first fiber (12a) and a second fiber (12b) and an interaction region in which light propagating in one of the fibers is transferred to the other fiber by evanescent field coupling such that introducing light into one of the fibers may cause light to be output from both fibers. Detectors (54, 56) detect the light output by the fibers and a ratiometer (58) produces an output proportional to the ratio of light intensity received by one of the detectors to the light intensity received by the other detector, the ratio being indicative of the coupling efficiency of the fiber optic coupler. The coupling efficiency varies in response to the relative position of the fibers, thereby providing a transducer for measuring displacement.
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公开(公告)号：EP0104943A3
公开(公告)日：1986-02-12
申请号：EP83305790
申请日：1983-09-27
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G02B26/06 , G02F1/0134
摘要： A fiber optic sensor comprises a length of optical fiber (10), forming a loop (40), and a fiber optic directional coupler (20) for optically closing the loop (14). The loop (14) and coupler (20) form a resonant cavity for light circulating therethrough. A PZT cylinder (118), about which the fiber loop (14) is wrapped, is utilized to control the total round trip phase delay of the circulating light, and thus, control the intensity of the optical output signal W o . The phase delay is adjusted to a point Z where the optical output signal W e is at maximum sensitivity to changes in phase. When the fiber loop (14) is exposed to, e.g., acoustic waves, the loop length changes correspondingly, thereby causing the phase delay, and thus, the optical output signal W o to vary. By detecting variations in output signal intensity, the frequency and intensity of the acoustic waves may be determined. The sensor also includes a feedback system for stabilizing the fiber loop (14) against low frequency thermal drift.
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公开(公告)号：EP0092367A2
公开(公告)日：1983-10-26
申请号：EP83302058.9
申请日：1983-04-13
发明人： Shaw, Herbert John
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303 , G01H9/004 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/0226
摘要： A closed loop optical fiber interferometer is used in sensing a quantity, Q, by applying a time varying or modulated measure of, Q, asymmetrically to the closed loop (24) and detecting phase shift between two counterpropagating optical signals in the closed loop. The closed loop (24) can be used as the sensing element or a separate sensor (68, 70) can develop a time varying signal which is then applied to the closed loop interferometer.
摘要翻译： 闭环光纤干涉仪用于通过对闭环（24）不对称地应用时变或调制测量Q来检测数量Q，并检测闭环中的两个反向传播光信号之间的相移。 闭环（24）可以用作感测元件，或者单独的传感器（68,70）可以产生随后施加到闭环干涉仪的时变信号。
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公开(公告)号：EP0079196A1
公开(公告)日：1983-05-18
申请号：EP82305851.6
申请日：1982-11-04
IPC分类号： G02B6/28
CPC分类号： G02B6/29332 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2938 , G02B6/29395
摘要： A passive, frequency selective, fiber optic multiplexer comprises a directional coupler (10) in which a pair of single mode optical fibers (12a, 12b) are accurately positioned to provide evanescent field coupling, typically by polishing a portion of the cladding (17a, 17b) from each of the fibers (12a, 12b) to place the respective cores (15a, 15b) of the fibers (12a, 12b) within the evanescent field of light in the other fiber (12a, 12b). The coupling efficiency of a coupler (10) constructed in this manner is wavelength dependent, and provides over-coupling, that is, the capability of transferring light, virtually entirely, back and forth between the fibers (12a, 12b) within the coupler (10). The wavelength dependent nature of the evanescent field coupling permits multiplexing, specifically between a pair of wavelengths, one of which is coupled in its entirety from a first fiber (12a) to a second fiber (12b), and the other of which is essentially uncoupled. By increasing the number of total transfers of the light signals between the pair of fibers (12a, 12b), the frequency resolution of the multiplexer may be optimized for light signals of virtually any frequency separation.
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公开(公告)号：EP0074789A2
公开(公告)日：1983-03-23
申请号：EP82304705.5
申请日：1982-09-08
IPC分类号： G02B6/28
CPC分类号： G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic directional coupler (10) comprises a pair of bases (16), with respective longitudinal, arcuate grooves (13) formed therein on confronting faces (14) thereof, for mounting a pair of optical fibers (12) in close proximity. A portion of the cladding is removed from each of the fibers (12) to form planar facing surfaces (18) which permits the spacing between the fiber cores to be within a predetermined critical zone (34) so that guided modes of the fibers (12) interact, through their evanescent fields, to cause light to be transferred by evanescent field coupling between the fibers (12). The coupler (10) is "tuned" to a desired coupling efficiency by offsetting the planar facing surfaces (18) to increase the spacing between the fiber cores. A method of manufacture of the coupler includes procedures which permit the coupler halves to be made symmetrical. The method also permits couplers (10) having given coupling characteristics to be reproduced.
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