摘要:
Hypochlorite present in cell liquor or other aqueous chlorate solution is reduced electrolytically in the presence of dichromate using a high surface area cathode having a three-dimensional electrolyte-contacting surface. An electrode potential more positive than -1 volts Vs. SCE is applied to the cathode.
摘要:
The invention concerns a process and apparatus for the preparation of a disinfectant for water, such as drinking- or swimming-water by electrolysis of an aqueous NaCl-containing solution. In order to improve these, the process of the inventoin is characterized in that an NaOCI-containing solution obtained by electrolysis is enriched with electrolytically obtained Cl 2 by either electrolytically preparing an aqueous NaCl and NaOCI-containing solution and further electrolyzing said solution to partially convert the NaCl still present therein into C1 2 , or electrolytically preparing a mixture of an aqueous NaCl solution and Cl 2 , and further electrolyzing said mixture to partially convert the NaCl still present therein into NaOCI. The apparatus of the invention is characterized by a combination of a first electrolytic cell (1) and a second electrolytic cell (2), which are electrically series-connected, said first electrolytic cell (11 being provided with a brine supply line (8) and a discharge line (10,11) and comprising a plurality of pairs of electrodes (A1, K1...A5, K5), no separation being present between the anode and the cathode of each pair of electrodes, and said second electrolytic cell (2) comprising one or more pairs of electrodes (A6, K6), a diaphragm or ion-selective membrane (5) being positioned between the anode (A6) and the cathode (K6) of the or each pair of electrodes, in which second electrolytic cell (2) the anode space(s) (6) is (are) connected to the discharge line (11) of the first electrolytic cell and to a product discharge line (15), and the cathode space(s) (7) is (are) provided with a supply line (12) and a discharge line (13,14).
摘要:
By-product hypochlorite from the electrolytic production of chlorates, notably sodium chlorate, is used to form hexavalent chromium for use in the electrolysis process by oxidation of trivalent chromium compounds by the hypochlorite. The hypochlorite may be the condensate produced by treatment of the chlorate cell by-product gas stream and/or present in the cell liquor.
摘要:
A three-compartment electrodrolytic water splitter having alternating cation, bipolar, and anion membranes is used to remove alkali metal cations from an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution so as to produce an acidified salt solution. The co-products are a base, such as aqueous NaOH or KOH, and aqueous HCI. The acidified salt solution is then fed to an anode compartment of a membrane or diaphragm electrolytic cell for production of chlorine and alkali metal hydroxide.
摘要:
A stack pack type of electrolytic cell, suitable for the generation of chlorates or hypochlorites of sodium or potassium, is disclosed. Such materials are useful for the treatment of water effluents, but varying demand raises problems which known production apparatus cannot deal with. The cell (10) of the invention has the ability to make economical use of materials, while eliminating the necessity for large external studs for the electrode components, housings to retain fluids and intercell piping connections, since the cell can easily be increased or reduced in capacity by adding or removing chambers and electrode stack packs to or from the cell itself or by adding or removing electrodes to or from the stack packs. The electrolytic cell proposed can utilize mass-produced components and can be assembled either in a monopolar or bipolar configuration, so as to make most efficient use of existing electrical supply equipment. Between end plates (12), chamber sections (22) alternate with electrode stack packs (24, 26, 38) to form the cell (10) and these units are compressed by tie rods (16) which engage cross members (14) in contact with the end plates (12), as shown in FIGURE 2 of the drawings.