摘要:
The invention relates to methods for protecting a nuclear reactor core, such as a boiling water reactor core, from fuel and cladding damage due to thermal hydraulic instability in extended operating power flow conditions and, in particular, when an extended power uprate is implemented. The methods employ existing licensed stability methodologies and incorporated minor changes, e.g., to the Average Power Range Monitor (APRM)-based trip system to preclude operation inside the stability vulnerable region of the power/flow map. The APRM-based trip system is modified to set down the APRM flow-biased scram line when core flow is less than a predetermined core flow to prevent the core from entering an unstable region of operation.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods for protecting a nuclear reactor core, such as a boiling water reactor core, from fuel and cladding damage due to thermal hydraulic instability in extended operating power flow conditions and, in particular, when an extended power uprate is implemented. The methods employ existing licensed stability methodologies and incorporated minor changes, e.g., to the Average Power Range Monitor (APRM)-based trip system to preclude operation inside the stability vulnerable region of the power/flow map. The APRM-based trip system is modified to set down the APRM flow-biased scram line when core flow is less than a predetermined core flow to prevent the core from entering an unstable region of operation.
摘要:
A reactor metering pipe fixing device fixes a reactor metering pipe disposed in a reactor to a cylindrical outer surface of a jet pump diffuser and reduces stress that may be induced in a weld zone in the reactor metering pipe. An outer holding member 41 is held on the cylindrical outer surface 18a of a jet pump diffuser 18 by a C-shaped holding member 30. The reactor metering pipe 19 is clamped from radial directions by the outer holding member 41 and inner holding members 42 and 43. Wedges 44 and 45 are wedged into a gap between the cylindrical outer surface 18a and the inner holding member 42 and a gap between the cylindrical outer surface 18a and the inner holding member 43 to fix the reactor metering pipe 19 firmly to the cylindrical outer surface 18a.
摘要:
The invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor for measuring flow rates in liquid melts at high temperatures. The aim of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic sensor for carrying out local, continuous, reliable rate measurements in hot melts (T > 200°C). To achieve this, the ultrasonic sensor contains an ultrasonic waveguide (2) that is connected to the piezoelectric transducer (1) and consists of a material with low acoustic damping properties in a temperature range relevant for the area of application of above 200 °C, said material being chemically resistant to the melt. In addition, the end face of the ultrasonic waveguide (2) facing the melt is closed and can be wetted by the melt.
摘要:
A system and method for determining a steam flow rate through a conduit of a boiling water reactor (BWR) having a first sensor (34) that is configured to generate a pressure signal based on a pressure at an inlet of a venturi (20) within the conduit, and a second sensor (32) that is configured to generate a delta pressure signal based on a pressure differential across the venturi. A processor (36) determines an instantaneous steam flow rate based on the pressure signal and the delta pressure signal.
摘要:
A boiling water reactor includes a pressure vessel having internal forced circulation through the core. An annular downcomer region establishes reactor coolant flow downwardly in the periphery of the reactor vessel and finally upwardly and centrally into the core across a core plate (30). A pressure sensor (32,34) detecting the pressure differential across the core plate is utilized. This pressure sensor has its measurement enhanced by input from local power range monitors (42,44,46,48,50,53,54,56) in the core to utilize both the sensed pressure differential and the power to predict more accurately flow in the reactor. An algorithm utilizes the pressure differential and the real time readings from the local power range monitor to accurately gauge overall reactor coolant flow. To ensure accurate calibration, two calibration standards are utilized at steady states of reactor power output and coolant flow. A first calibration standard includes the installation of thermocouples adjacent the reactor core plate for measurement of fluid enthalpy of the coolant as it flows upwardly through the reactor core. The determined enthalpy is utilized in an energy flow balance wherein the core flow rate is solved for as an unknown. A second calibration standard utilizes the sensed pressure differential across the annular pump deck of the forced circulation pumps. The two standards are combined in output utilizing a least squares averaging, and the result combined to calibrate the algorithm.