摘要:
An electron tube (1) in which one end of an insulating tube (9) projects toward the inside part of an enclosure (2), and an avalanche photodiode (APD) (15) is provided to the one end of the insulating tube (9). The other end of the insulating tube (9) is connected to an outer stem (6) of the enclosure (2). An alkali source (27) is disposed inside the enclosure (2) so as to produce alkaline metal vapor and to form a photoelectric surface (11) in a predetermined area of the inner wall of the enclosure (2). The alkali source (27) is separated from the insulating tube (9) by separating members (21', 23', 26). The alkaline metal vapor produced when the electron tube (1) is fabricated does not deposit on the insulating tube (9) because of the presence of the separating members (21', 23', 26). The withstanding voltage between the enclosure (2) and the APD (15) does not lower, and deterioration of the efficiency of entrance of electrons into the APD (15) because of the adverse effect on the electric field inside the electron tube (1) in prevented.
摘要:
Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) is exploited to provide improved efficiency for radiant energy conversion. A hot (greater than 200 0C) semiconductor cathode is illuminated such that it emits electrons. Because the cathode is hot, significantly more electrons are emitted than would be emitted from a room temperature (or colder) cathode under the same illumination conditions. As a result of this increased electron emission, the energy conversion efficiency can be significantly increased relative to a conventional photovoltaic device. In PETE, the cathode electrons can be (and typically are) thermalized with respect to the cathode. As a result, PETE does not rely on emission of non-thermalized electrons, and is significantly easier to implement than hot-carrier emission approaches.
摘要:
A photoelectron surface (11) is formed in a predetermined area of the inner wall of an enclosure (2) of an electron tube (1). An avalanche photodiode (APD) (15) is disposed inside the enclosure (2) and surrounded by a cover (71) and a tubular inner wall portion (72). A manganese bead (17) and an antimony bead (19) serving as evaporation sources are disposed outside and near the tubular inner wall portion (72), surrounded by a tubular outer wall portion (74), and used to produce a metal vapor and to serve as materials for forming the photoelectric surface (11). Thanks to the cover (71) and the inner and outer wall portions (72, 74), the metal vapor is prevented from depositing on the APD (15) and on unwanted portions inside the electron tube (1) during the formation of the photoelectric surface (11).
摘要:
A photocathode (11) is formed on a predetermined portion of the internal surface of an envelope (2) of an electric tube (1). An APD (15) is provided inside the envelope (2). The APD (15) is surrounded by a cover (71) and a tubular inner wall (72). A manganese bead (17) and an antimony bead (19) serving as evaporation sources are disposed in the vicinity outside the inner wall (72). The manganese bead (17) and the antimony bead (19) are surrounded by a tubular outer wall (74). The manganese bead (17) and the antimony bead (19) generate metal vapor to thereby form the photocathode (11). In forming the photocathode (11), the cover (71), inner wall (72), outer wall (74) prevent the metal vapor from being deposited on the APD (15) or an unintended portion inside the electron tube (1).
摘要:
A substrate (18), a cathode (20), and an anode (22) are housed in a space defined by a casing (10), and the space is evacuated. The cathode (20) and the anode (22) are provided on the same face of the electrically insulating substrate (18) and show comb-tooth interdigital shapes. Thus, the area of a section where the cathode (20) is near the anode (22) is large, so that photoelectrons emitted from the cathode (20) by incidence of ultraviolet rays is propagated through the vacuum and are favorably trapped collected by the anode (22).
摘要:
Bei einer Fotozelle, insbesondere zur Feststellung von UV-Strahlung, mit einer Plattenkathode (1), einer Anode (2) und jeweils Zu- und Ableitungen (3, 4; 5, 6), die in eine Glasröhre eingeschweißt sind, besteht die Plattenkathode aus einem an seinen Enden (20, 21) mit den Zuleitungen (3, 4) verbundenen Blechstreifen (13) und die Anode aus einer an ihren Enden (14, 15) mit den Zuleitungen (5, 6) verbundenen, auf der der festzustellenden Strahlung zugewandten Seite der Plattenkathode im wesentlichen parallel zu und in Abstand (d) von derselben angeordneten Drahtelektrode (16). Die Ebene des die Kathode (1) bildenden Blechstreifens weist gegenüber der Längsachse (19) der Röhre (7) einen Neigungswinkel von vorzugsweise 45° auf. Die dadurch ermöglichte Vergrößerung der Kathodenfläche erbringt eine größere Empfindlichkeit senkrecht zu derselben wie gleichzeitig bis etwa 45° nach beiden Seiten, außerdem ist ein Einbau der Fotozelle sowohl senkrecht als auch waagerecht bei im wesentlichen gleicher Empfindlichkeit möglich.
摘要:
Imaging systems for middle-infrared radiation, which has insufficient energy for photoelectron emission, are indirect, employing arrays of photoconductors connected to display devices by pluralities of wires. These systems are thus conmplicated, large, heavy, and expensive. The instant invention solves this problem by providing a middle-infrared image intensifier (12) including an image-forming microchannel plate (24) having an input face (26) with a photoconductor material that is activated by middle-infrared radiation, electron multipliers (28) for flooding electrons to a regions adjacent to the input face of the photoconductor, an electron sensitive light emitting screen (22) positioned to receive electrons from the output face of the microchannel plate, and leads (40) for providing potential the microchannel plate to multiply electrons in channels of the microchannel plate having middle-infrared radiation incident thereon.
摘要:
A light emitting photonic crystal having an organic light emitting diode and methods of making the same are disclosed. An organic light emitting diode disposed within a photonic structure having a band-gap, or stop-band, allows the photonic structure to emit light at wavelengths occurring at the edges of the band-gap. Photonic crystal structures that provide this function may include materials having a refractive index that varies periodically such as distributed Bragg reflectors, aligned nematic liquid crystals, and holographically recorded gratings.