公开(公告)号：US3959096A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-25

申请号：US542079

申请日：1975-01-17

申请人： Stanley H. Langer

发明人： Stanley H. Langer

IPC分类号： C25C1/12

CPC分类号： C25C1/12 ,  Y02P10/212

摘要： In the disclosed process, relatively pure copper is efficiently recovered from metallic alloy, scrap or cement, by electrochemical dissolution and deposition (as the relatively pure copper) under special conditions. In a halide solution, in a cell free from oxygen, the contaminated or alloyed copper is transferred from the impure state and separated by means of a substantially one electron process for the copper involved. The process can be operated in a one-fluid, or a two-fluid cell with diaphragm, depending on the composition of alloy or metal to be purified. For instance, in the case of copper-zinc alloys or mixtures, the copper is readily recovered in a one-fluid cell by suitable arrangement. Particularly with more complex alloys or mixtures, however, it can be advantageous to use a two-fluid cell and an intermediate purification stage between direct dissolution and electrodeposition. Concomitant metals may be recovered in either the metallic state or as chemical compounds. The process allows an orderly, effective electrochemical treatment for the recovery of copper in the presence of impurities.

摘要翻译： 在所公开的方法中，通过在特殊条件下的电化学溶解和沉积（作为相对纯的铜），可以从金属合金，废料或水泥中有效地回收相对纯的铜。 在卤化物溶液中，在不含氧的电池中，污染的或合金化的铜从不纯的状态转移并通过用于所涉及的铜的基本上一个电子过程分离。 根据待净化的合金或金属的组成，该工艺可以在具有隔膜的单流体或双流体电池中操作。 例如，在铜 - 锌合金或混合物的情况下，铜通过适当的布置容易地在单流体电池中回收。 然而，特别是对于更复杂的合金或混合物，可以有利的是在直接溶解和​​电沉积之间使用双流体池和中间纯化段。 伴随的金属可以以金属状态或作为化合物回收。 该方法允许有序的，有效的电化学处理在杂质存在下回收铜。

公开(公告)号：US4668289A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-26

申请号：US801025

申请日：1985-11-22

申请人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Abel Saud ,  George McDonald ,  James A. Koutsky

发明人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Abel Saud ,  George McDonald ,  James A. Koutsky

IPC分类号： C22B11/00 ,  C22B11/04

CPC分类号： C22B11/042 ,  C22B11/046 ,  Y02P10/214

摘要： A method for reclaiming gold in metallic form from gold-containing scrap, including gold-containing base metal alloys and articles in which base metals are at least partially covered with a layer of gold. The method includes the steps of exposing the gold-containing scrap under an inert atmosphere to a leaching solution. The leaching solution has dissolved therein an oxidizing agent including metal ions capable of assuming at least two oxidation states, a portion of the metal ions being in the higher of the two oxidation states. The leaching solution also contains a complexing agent including halide ions in aqueous solution. By so exposing the gold-containing scrap to the leaching solution, base metal contained therein is dissolved to leave a solid metallic residue enriched in gold. The solid metallic residue then is collected mechanically.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从含金的废料（包括含金的贱金属合金）以及其中贱金属至少部分被金层覆盖的制品回收金属金的方法。 该方法包括在惰性气氛下将含金废料暴露于浸出溶液的步骤。 浸出溶液中溶解了包含能够呈现至少两种氧化态的金属离子的氧化剂，一部分金属离子处于两种氧化态的较高者。 浸出液还含有在水溶液中包含卤离子的络合剂。 通过使含金废料暴露于浸出溶液中，将其中所含的贱金属溶解，留下富含金的固体金属残余物。 然后将固体金属残留物机械收集。

公开(公告)号：US4321313A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-23

申请号：US152728

申请日：1980-05-23

申请人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Kevin T. Pate

发明人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Kevin T. Pate

IPC分类号： H01M8/22 ,  H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/22

摘要： Nitrogen oxides, such as nitric oxide with hydrogen separated by acid electrolytes, are reacted at porous catalytic electrodes in a configuration to generate electrical energy and selectively reduce the nitric oxide to ammonia, hydroxylamine and other products. Product distribution and reaction rate can be controlled with electrocatalyst, external load and other parameters. The electrogenerative process is applied to the reduction of other gases.

摘要翻译： 氮氧化物，如用酸性电解质分离出的氢的一氧化氮，在多孔催化电极上反应，产生电能并选择性地将一氧化氮还原为氨，羟胺等产物。 产品分布和反应速度可以用电催化剂，外部负载等参数进行控制。 电生产工艺适用于其他气体的还原。

公开(公告)号：US4818353A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-04

申请号：US70426

申请日：1987-07-07

申请人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Michael J. Foral ,  John C. Card

发明人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Michael J. Foral ,  John C. Card

IPC分类号： C25B3/02 ,  C25B5/00 ,  C25B11/04 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/00 ,  C25B3/00

CPC分类号： C25B5/00 ,  C25B11/0442 ,  C25B3/02 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/00 ,  Y10S204/04

摘要： A transition metal electrocatalyst surface (e.g. a porous surface of finely divided Group VIII or Group I-B metal with an attached current collector) is modified by a sulfur treatment, using an oxidized sulfur species of average sulfur oxidation state of about 4 or less, e.g. SO.sub.2 dissolved in aqueous acid. Treatment of the transition metal with SO.sub.2 or the like typically provides up to 100% coverage of the surface electrocatalyst sites with chemisorbed sulfur-containing species and perhaps subsurface effects as well, but washing or other non-electrochemical techniques can remove 5-90% (e.g. 25-70%) of the chemisorbed SO.sub.2 or the like from the surface, leaving substantially only a very strongly bound form of the sulfur-containing species. The strongly bound sulfur-containing species can then be reduced to form a highly beneficial, selectively-improving pattern of sites containing reduced -S (e.g. sulfur or sulfide) on the electrocatalyst surface. Electrochemical synthesis cells can be constructed from a cathode and/or anode made form the S-treated electrocatalystThis invention was made with United States Government support awarded by the National Sciences Foundation (NSF), grant nos. CHE-8115022 and AGR-DTD-07-11-85. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.

摘要翻译： 过渡金属电催化剂表面（例如具有附着的集流体的细分第VIII族或第I-B族金属的多孔表面）通过硫处理，使用平均硫氧化态约4或更小的氧化硫物质，例如 SO2溶解在酸性水溶液中。 用SO2等处理过渡金属通常可以使化学吸附的含硫物质表面电催化剂位置达到100％的覆盖率，也可能产生次表面效应，但洗涤或其他非电化学技术可以除去5-90％（ 例如25-70％）的化学吸附的SO2等，基本上只留下非常强的结合形式的含硫物质。 然后可以将强结合的含硫物质还原以形成在电催化剂表面上含有还原的-S（例如硫或硫化物）的高度有利的，选择性改善的位点图案。 电化学合成电池可以由由S处理的电极催化剂制成的阴极和/或阳极构成，并用于高选择性地合成来自各种原料的有用的有机和无机化合物，例如， 通过将O 2还原成H 2 O 2，将NO还原成NH 2 OH，将RCH 2 OH氧化成RCOOCH 2 R（R =低级烷基等），将RR'CHOH氧化成RCOR'（R和R'=低级烷基等）或 喜欢。

公开(公告)号：US3994789A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

申请号：US511358

申请日：1974-10-02

申请人： Stanley H. Langer ,  John Harland Anderson

发明人： Stanley H. Langer ,  John Harland Anderson

IPC分类号： C25C1/12

CPC分类号： C25C1/12 ,  Y02P10/212

摘要： In the disclosed process, the winning of noble or relatively electronegative metals (e.g. Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, etc.) from substantially aqueous solutions containing ions of the metal through the use of relatively electropositive precipitant metals (e.g. Fe, Zn, Al, etc.) is carried out along with recovery or utilization of some of the energy which can be produced by chemical or electrochemical action. In this process, an electrochemical primary cell-like arrangement with a one-fluid or two-fluid electrolyte (wherein the precipitant metal can be an anode) can also provide improvements in the character (orderliness, efficiency, purity of product, etc.) and control of the cementation reactions. For example, bright (high purity) copper can be obtained in a cathode compartment in a two-fluid cell using a scrap iron anode, a pregnant hydrometallurgical cuprous or cupric leach solution as the catholyte, and an external circuit connecting the cathode to the anode. Good copper is also obtained and cementation rates are increased, when the leach solution is used as a one-fluid electrolyte, and an external circuit is maintained. Under some conditions it is advantageous to exclude oxygen from the system.

摘要翻译： 在所公开的方法中，通过使用相对正电沉淀金属（例如Fe，Zn，Al），从含有金属离子的基本水溶液中获得贵金属或相对电负性金属（例如Au，Ag，Cu，Ni等） 等等）与可以通过化学或电化学作用产生的一些能量的回收或利用一起进行。 在该过程中，具有单流体或双流体电解质（其中沉淀金属可以是阳极）的电化学初级电池状布置还可以提供性能（有序性，效率，产品纯度等）的改进， 并控制胶结反应。 例如，使用废铁阳极，怀孕的湿法冶金亚铜或铜浸出溶液作为阴极电解液的双流体电池的阴极室中可以获得明亮（高纯度）的铜，以及将阴极连接到阳极的外部电路 。 当浸出溶液用作单流体电解质并且保持外部电路时，也获得良好的铜并且增加胶结速率。 在某些条件下，从系统中排除氧是有利的。

公开(公告)号：US4793905A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-27

申请号：US138961

申请日：1987-12-29

申请人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Michael J. Foral ,  John C. Card

发明人： Stanley H. Langer ,  Michael J. Foral ,  John C. Card

IPC分类号： C25B3/02 ,  C25B5/00 ,  C25B11/04 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/00 ,  C25C1/00

CPC分类号： C25B3/02 ,  C25B11/0442 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/00 ,  Y10S204/03

摘要： A transition metal electrocatalyst surface (e.g. a porous surface of finely divided Group VIII or Group I-B metal with an attached current collector) is modified by a sulfur treatment, using an oxidized sulfur species of average sulfur oxidation state of about 4 or less, e.g. SO.sub.2 dissolved in aqueous acid. Treatment of the transition metal with SO.sub.2 or the like typically provides up to 100% coverage of the surface electrocatalyst sites with chemisorbed sulfur-containing species and perhaps subsurface effects as well, but washing or other non-electrochemical techniques can remove 5-90% (e.g. 25-70%) of the chemisorbed SO.sub.2 or the like from the surface, leaving substantially only a very strongly bound form of the sulfur-containing species. The strongly bound sulfur-containing species can then be reduced to form a highly beneficial, selectivity-improving pattern of sites containing reduced --S (e.g. sulfur or sulfide) on the electrocatalyst surface. Electrochemical synthesis cells can be constructed from a cathode and/or anode made form the S-treated electrocatalyst and used in highly selective syntheses of useful organic and inorganic compounds from various starting materials, e.g. by reduction of O.sub.2 to H.sub.2 O.sub.2, reduction of NO to NH.sub.2 OH, oxidation of RCH.sub.2 OH to RCOOCH.sub.2 R (R=lower alkyl, etc.), oxidation of RR'CHOH to RCOR' (R and R'=lower alkyl, etc.) or the like.

摘要翻译： 过渡金属电催化剂表面（例如具有附着的集流体的细分第VIII族或第I-B族金属的多孔表面）通过硫处理，使用平均硫氧化态约4或更小的氧化硫物质，例如 SO2溶解在酸性水溶液中。 用SO2等处理过渡金属通常可以使化学吸附的含硫物质表面电催化剂位置达到100％的覆盖率，也可能产生次表面效应，但洗涤或其他非电化学技术可以除去5-90％（ 例如25-70％）的化学吸附的SO2等，基本上只留下非常强的结合形式的含硫物质。 然后可以将强结合的含硫物质还原成在电催化剂表面上形成含有还原-S（例如硫或硫化物）的高度有利的，选择性改善的图案。 电化学合成电池可以由由S处理的电极催化剂制成的阴极和/或阳极构成，并用于高选择性地合成来自各种原料的有用的有机和无机化合物，例如， 通过将O 2还原成H 2 O 2，将NO还原成NH 2 OH，将RCH 2 OH氧化成RCOOCH 2 R（R =低级烷基等），将RR'CHOH氧化成RCOR'（R和R'=低级烷基等）或 喜欢。