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公开(公告)号：US4650558A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-17
申请号：US702715
申请日：1985-02-19
申请人： Arthur J. Frank
发明人： Arthur J. Frank
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , H01G9/20 , Y02P20/135 , Y10S204/03
摘要： An electrode is disclosed for use in photoelectrochemical cells having an electrolyte which includes an aqueous constituent. The electrode includes a semiconductor and a hydrophobic film disposed between the semiconductor and the aqueous constituent. The hydrophobic film is adapted to permit charges to pass therethrough while substantially decreasing the activity of the aqueous constituent at the semiconductor surface thereby decreasing the photodegradation of the semiconductor electrode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于光电化学电池的电极，该电极具有包含含水成分的电解质。 电极包括设置在半导体和含水成分之间的半导体和疏水膜。 疏水膜适于允许电荷通过，同时基本上降低半导体表面上的水性成分的活性，从而减少半导体电极的光降解。
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公开(公告)号：US4644638A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-24
申请号：US653359
申请日：1984-09-24
申请人： Jay A. Switzer
发明人： Jay A. Switzer
IPC分类号： H01L27/142 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/074 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L31/074 , H01L31/02021 , H01L31/0475 , Y02E10/50 , Y10S204/03 , Y10S205/923
摘要： A heterojunction photovoltaic device, containing a highly conductive coating material having a band gap greater than 0 to about 3.0 e.V. on a substrate containing a semiconductor material, is utilized in highly efficient photovoltaic cells and radiometric detection cells.
摘要翻译： 一种异质结光伏器件，其包含具有大于0至约3.0eV的带隙的高导电性涂层材料。 在含有半导体材料的基板上，用于高效光伏电池和辐射测量电池。
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公开(公告)号：US4461691A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-24
申请号：US465418
申请日：1983-02-10
申请人： Arthur J. Frank
发明人： Arthur J. Frank
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , H01G9/20 , H01M14/005 , Y10S204/03
摘要： According to the present invention, improved electrodes overcoated with conductive polymer films and preselected catalysts are provided. The electrodes typically comprise an inorganic semiconductor overcoated with a charge conductive polymer film comprising a charge conductive polymer in or on which is a catalyst or charge-relaying agent.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，提供了用导电聚合物膜和预选催化剂覆盖的改进的电极。 电极通常包括用包含电荷导电聚合物的电荷导电聚合物膜外涂的无机半导体，其上是催化剂或电荷中继剂。
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4.发明授权Method of recovering hydrogen-reduced metals, ions and the like at porous catalytic barriers and apparatus therefor 失效在多孔催化屏障上回收还原金属，离子等的方法及其设备
公开(公告)号：US4422911A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-27
申请号：US387963
申请日：1982-06-14
CPC分类号： C22B5/12 , C22B11/04 , C22B15/0093 , C25C1/12 , Y02P10/236 , Y10S204/03
摘要： This disclosure relates primarily to the recovery of hydrogen-reduced metals from aqueous solutions of salts thereof, such as, for example, copper from copper sulphate solution, by hydrogen reduction at a catalytic barrier made pervious to the solution, in an apparatus provided with means to supply hydrogen along a face of said barrier at which the aqueous solution is applied to effect deposition thereupon and flowing the solution transversely through the barrier to continue deposition upon the other face of the barrier.
摘要翻译： 本公开主要涉及从其盐的水溶液（例如来自硫酸铜溶液的铜）中回收氢还原金属，通过在溶液中形成的催化屏障下氢还原，在设有装置的装置中 沿着所述阻挡层的施加水溶液的表面供应氢气以在其上进行沉积并使溶液横向流过阻挡层，以继续沉积在屏障的另一个面上。
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5.发明授权Hydrogen generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a divergent vertically flowing electrolyte solution 失效使用悬浮在发散的垂直流动电解质溶液中的半导体血小板的氢产生
公开(公告)号：US4263111A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-21
申请号：US104251
申请日：1979-12-17
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , Y02P20/134 , Y10S204/03
摘要： Hydrogen is produced from an electrolyte solution by suspending semiconducting platelets in a vertically flowing solution of the electrolyte contained in a radiant energy transparent, vertically disposed divergent fluid conduit. By utilizing a divergent fluid conduit to suspend the platelets in the vertically flowing electrolyte the platelets are maintained in a substantially stable equilibrium position in the conduit with a constant electrolyte flow rate and the particular array of platelets in the conduit can be specifically controlled by simply varying the weight, size or shape of the platelets, further improving the hydrogen generating capability of such system. The fluid conduit is impinged with radiant energy of sufficient wavelength to cause charge transfer in the platelets dissociating the electrolyte solution producing the hydrogen gas. The platelets are maintained suspended in the vertically flowing electrolyte by controlling the flow rate of the electrolyte solution. The respective dissociation products are collected for subsequent energy generation. For example, if a bromide electrolyte is used the bromine is also collected. The semiconducting platelets comprise an n-doped semiconducting layer, ohmic contact, and p-doped semiconducting layer, at least the edge of the ohmic contact being covered by an insulation layer.
摘要翻译： 通过将半导体小片悬浮在包含在辐射能量透明，垂直设置的发散流体导管中的电解质的垂直流动溶液中从电解质溶液产生氢。 通过利用发散的流体导管将血小板悬浮在垂直流动的电解液中，血小板在导管中以恒定的电解质流速保持在基本上稳定的平衡位置，导管中特定的血小板阵列可以通过简单变化 血小板的重量，大小或形状，进一步提高了这种系统的氢生成能力。 流体导管受到足够波长的辐射能冲击，导致血小板中的电荷转移解离产生氢气的电解质溶液。 通过控制电解质溶液的流速，将血小板保持悬浮在垂直流动的电解质中。 收集各自的解离产物用于随后的能量产生。 例如，如果使用溴化物电解质，则也收集溴。 半导体小片包括n掺杂半导体层，欧姆接触和p掺杂半导体层，至少欧姆接触的边缘被绝缘层覆盖。
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公开(公告)号：US4251327A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-17
申请号：US111617
申请日：1980-01-14
申请人： Lawrence A. Grenon
发明人： Lawrence A. Grenon
IPC分类号： C25D5/00 , C25D5/02 , H01L21/288 , H01L31/0224 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L21/2885 , C25D5/006 , C25D7/126 , H01L31/022425 , Y02E10/50 , Y10S204/03
摘要： A method for electroplating a metallic layer onto the surface of a photovoltaic device absent any external electrical contacts to the surface. The photovoltaic device is placed in an electrolytic plating bath where it is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation to which the device is photovoltaically responsive. Plating from the electrolytic bath results from current flow generated in the device itself.
摘要翻译： 一种将金属层电镀到光伏器件的表面上的方法，没有任何外部电接触到表面。 将光伏器件放置在电解镀浴中，在其中用电磁辐射照射该器件，其中该器件是光伏反应的。 从电解槽中电镀由设备本身产生的电流产生。
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7.发明授权Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte, an amorphous silicon semiconductor and radiant energy 失效使用溴化物电解质，非晶硅半导体和辐射能的氢气生成
公开(公告)号：US4236984A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US96596
申请日：1979-11-21
申请人： Daniel H. Grantham
发明人： Daniel H. Grantham
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , Y02P20/134 , Y10S204/03
摘要： Radiant energy in conjunction with an n-type amorphous silicon semiconducting photoanode to at least partially power an electrolytic cell is used in the generation of hydrogen, utilizing a bromide, preferably hydrogen bromide, as the essential electrolyte component in the electrolytic cell to solve overvoltage and corrosion problems associated with the use of conventional electrolytes in similar environments. The use of the bromide electrolyte results in the broadening of the selection of semiconductor electrodes which can be used in the process and apparatus of the present invention enabling the amorphous silicon semiconducting electrode to be used with superior anticorrosive and radiant energy gathering results over conventional systems. To insure against corrosion, the amorphous silicon semiconductor should preferably be used with a thin layer of platinum overcoating. The hydrogen generated from such system can be used to power a fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 辐射能量与n型非晶硅半导体光电阳极结合以至少部分地供电电解池用于生成氢气，利用溴化物，优选溴化氢作为电解池中的必需电解质组分来解决过电压， 在类似环境中使用常规电解质的腐蚀问题。 溴化物电解质的使用导致可以在本发明的方法和装置中使用的半导体电极的选择的扩大，使得可以使用非晶硅半导体电极与常规系统相比具有优异的防腐蚀和辐射能量收集结果。 为了防止腐蚀，非晶硅半导体应优选与铂层外涂层一起使用。 从这种系统产生的氢气可用于为燃料电池供电。
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8.发明授权Production of halogens by electrolysis of alkali metal halides in an electrolysis cell having catalytic electrodes bonded to the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 失效在具有与固体聚合物电解质膜的表面结合的催化电极的电解槽中电解碱金属卤化物来制造卤素
公开(公告)号：US4224121A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US922316
申请日：1978-07-06
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C25B1/46 , C25B11/0489 , Y10S204/03
摘要： A halogen, such as chlorine, is generated by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride, in a cell having anolyte and catholyte chambers separated by a solid polymer electrolyte in the form of a stable, selectively cation permeable, ion exchange membrane. One or more catalytic electrodes including at least one thermally stabilized, reduced oxide of a platinum group metal are bonded to the surface of the membrane. An aqueous brine solution is brought into contact with the anode and water or an aqueous NaOH solution is brought into contact with the cathode. The brine is electrolyzed to produce chlorine at the anode and hydrogen and caustic at the cathode. The cell membrane preferably has an anion rejecting cathode side barrier layer which rejects hyroxyl ions to block back migration of caustic to the anode thereby enhancing the cathode current efficiency of the cell and of the process.
摘要翻译： 通过电解碱金属卤化物如氯化钠的水溶液在具有阳极电解液和阴极电解液室的电池中产生卤素，如固体聚合物电解质，其形式为稳定的选择性阳离子可渗透的， 离子交换膜。 包括至少一种热稳定的铂族金属的还原氧化物的一种或多种催化电极结合到膜的表面。 使盐水溶液与阳极和水接触，或使NaOH水溶液与阴极接触。 盐水被电解以在阳极产生氯，在阴极处产生氢和苛性碱。 细胞膜优选具有阴离子排斥阴极侧阻挡层，其拒绝憎水离子以阻止苛性碱向阳极的迁移，从而提高电池的阴极电流效率和过程。
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公开(公告)号：US4219392A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-26
申请号：US22511
申请日：1979-03-21
申请人： Martin M. Halmann
发明人： Martin M. Halmann
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , Y02P20/135 , Y10S204/03
摘要： A process for the conversion of carbon dioxide or the bicarbonate ion into useful organic compounds, such as formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol, which comprises carrying out the reduction in a photoelectrochemical cell, wherein the cathode is a p-type semiconductor, and at least part of the energy of reduction is supplied by light, including sunlight.
摘要翻译： 一种将二氧化碳或碳酸氢根离子转化成有用的有机化合物如甲酸，甲醛和甲醇的方法，其包括在光电化学电池中进行还原，其中阴极是p型半导体，至少 减少能量的一部分由光线（包括阳光）供应。
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公开(公告)号：US4151051A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-24
申请号：US901499
申请日：1978-05-01
申请人： Robert F. Evans
发明人： Robert F. Evans
CPC分类号： C25B1/00 , C25C1/00 , Y02P20/133 , Y02P20/134 , Y10S204/03 , Y10S204/05
摘要： A deposition unit having a cathode surface is submerged in a natural body of moving water containing various materials including metallic materials carried by the flow of movement of the water body. The flow of water encompasses the deposition unit and contacts the cathode surface. An electric current at the cathode surface causes electrodeposition of certain materials contained within the flow of moving water. The electrical energy for electrodeposition is derived from a naturally occurring and proximate energy source at the body of water. Energy from tidal flow, from water movement beneath the surface, from wave motion at the upper surface, or from a temperature difference between the upper and lower levels of the water body, operates an electrical generator which supplies the electrodeposition energy. The flow of water relative to the deposition unit cooperatively interacts with magnetic flux emanating from another embodiment of the deposition unit to establish the electrodeposition energy. Other sources of proximate naturally occurring energy for effecting electrodeposition are wind energy and solar energy.
摘要翻译： 具有阴极表面的沉积单元浸没在包含由水体运动所携带的金属材料的各种材料的移动水的天然体中。 水流包围沉积单元并与阴极表面接触。 在阴极表面的电流导致包含在移动水流中的某些材料的电沉积。 用于电沉积的电能来源于水体处的天然存在和邻近的能量源。 来自潮汐流的能量，表面下方的水运动，上表面的波浪运动或水体的上下两级之间的温度差运行提供电沉积能量的发电机。 相对于沉积单元的水的流动与从沉积单元的另一个实施方案发出的磁通相互作用以建立电沉积能。 用于进行电沉积的靠近天然发生能量的其他来源是风能和太阳能。
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