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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4933638A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US368916
申请日：1989-06-19
申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurranhman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew , William E. Kenyon , Peter I. Day , Max Lipsicas
发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurranhman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew , William E. Kenyon , Peter I. Day , Max Lipsicas
CPC分类号： G01R33/341 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/3671 , G01R33/3808 , G01V3/32
摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 and T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay, t.sub.pol. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for determining dielectric permittivity of subsurface formations 失效用于确定地下地层介电常数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4652828A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-24
申请号：US599843
申请日：1984-04-13
申请人： William E. Kenyon , Paul L. Baker
发明人： William E. Kenyon , Paul L. Baker
摘要： Well logging techniques are set forth for obtaining improved measurements of formation dielectric permittivity, conductivity, and water-filled porosity. The effects of dielectric and conductivity frequency dispersion are considered and utilized. In a disclosed embodiment, a corrected dielectric permittivity of a formation surrounding a borehole is determined using the following steps: deriving a measured value of formation dielectric permittivity from a logging device which traversed the borehole; deriving a measured value of formation conductivity from a logging device which traversed the borehole; determining a formation dielectric permittivity dispersion value as a function of the measured conductivity; and determining a corrected formation dielectric permittivity from the measured value of dielectric permittivity and the dispersion value.
摘要翻译： 阐述测井技术用于获得改进的地层介电常数，导电性和充水孔隙度的测量。 考虑并利用电介质和电导率频率色散的影响。 在公开的实施例中，使用以下步骤确定围绕钻孔的地层的校正介电常数：从穿过钻孔的测井装置导出地层介电常数的测量值; 从穿过井眼的测井装置得出地层导电率的测量值; 确定作为测量的电导率的函数的地层介电常数色散值; 以及根据介电常数的测量值和色散值确定校正的地层介电常数。
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公开(公告)号：US4314339A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-02
申请号：US19925
申请日：1979-03-12
申请人： William E. Kenyon
发明人： William E. Kenyon
摘要： A method of computer generating a subsurface characteristic model which is substantially consistent with readings taken in a well with the well logging device. A set of actual measurement values which represent readings taken over a given depth interval of the well is derived. An initial trial model of the subsurface characteristic under investigation is then selected. The model includes discretely-boundaried beds, the location of boundaries being based on subsurface characteristic data. A simulated measurement value at a particular depth level is generated by applying the approximate response characteristic of the logging device to the model. The simulated measurement value at the particular depth level is compared to the actual measurement value at that depth level and the model is then modified in accordance with the comparison. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the location of model boundaries are determined by computing the variance of subsurface characteristic data and then selecting model boundaries at local maxima of the variance.
摘要翻译： 一种计算机产生地下特征模型的方法，其基本上与在井测井装置的井中采集的读数一致。 导出了一组实际测量值，它们表示在井的给定深度间隔上获取的读数。 然后选择正在研究的地下特征的初始试验模型。 该模型包括离散有界的床，边界位置基于地下特征数据。 通过将测井装置的近似响应特性应用于模型，可以产生特定深度级的模拟测量值。 将特定深度级别的模拟测量值与该深度级别的实际测量值进行比较，然后根据比较对模型进行修改。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过计算地下特征数据的方差然后在方差的局部最大值处选择模型边界来确定模型边界的位置。
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4.发明授权Apparatus for determining horizontal and/or vertical permeability of an earth formation 失效用于确定地层的水平和/或垂直渗透率的装置
公开(公告)号：US5279153A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US752724
申请日：1991-08-30
CPC分类号： E21B49/10 , E21B49/008
摘要： Apparatus for obtaining horizontal and/or vertical permeability measurements through a probe having an elongate aperture. The invention uses the elongate aperture in the probe to orient fluid flow in an earth formation horizontally or vertically. The elongate aperture is approximated through the use of a single elongate opening or through the use of a group of aligned openings of varying shapes. Measurements can be taken at different orientations by including additional probe openings along more than one axis.
摘要翻译： 用于通过具有细长孔的探头获得水平和/或垂直磁导率测量的装置。 本发明使用探针中的细长孔来水平或垂直地定向地层中的流体流动。 通过使用单个细长开口或通过使用一组不同形状的对齐的开口来近似伸长的孔。 通过在多于一个轴上包括额外的探针开口可以在不同的取向进行测量。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6040696A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-21
申请号：US932141
申请日：1997-09-16
申请人： Terizhandur S. Ramakrishnan , Lawrence M. Schwartz , Edmund J. Fordham , William E. Kenyon , David J. Wilkinson
发明人： Terizhandur S. Ramakrishnan , Lawrence M. Schwartz , Edmund J. Fordham , William E. Kenyon , David J. Wilkinson
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01R33/4625
摘要： In this invention a new interpretation methodology has been developed. A pore structure model is used to compute the relaxation behavior. This model is then used as the kernel of a best-fit inversion scheme against the measured data, in contrast to inverting for a T.sub.2 distribution that relies on regularization. Parameters of the model are obtained by "best fitting" the model with the data. The method considers a geometrical or physical model comprising both intergranular and intragranular porosity (microporosity). The NMR relaxation is computed by one of the several methods. The model is compactly represented by a set of physical parameters that are iterated upon until a match with relaxation data is obtained in the best fit sense. The result is obtained in terms of these physical parameters, and then integrated with other types of measurements.
摘要翻译： 在本发明中，已经开发了一种新的解释方法。 孔结构模型用于计算松弛行为。 然后将该模型用作针对测量数据的最佳拟合反演方案的核心，与依赖于正则化的T2分布的反转相反。 通过使用数据“最佳拟合”模型获得模型的参数。 该方法考虑了包括晶间和颗粒间孔隙度（微孔）的几何或物理模型。 通过几种方法之一计算NMR弛豫。 该模型通过重复的一组物理参数紧凑地表示，直到获得具有最佳拟合意义的松弛数据的匹配。 结果是根据这些物理参数获得的，然后与其他类型的测量结合。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4780679A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-25
申请号：US10246
申请日：1987-02-02
申请人： William E. Kenyon , Paul L. Baker
发明人： William E. Kenyon , Paul L. Baker
摘要： Well logging techniques are set forth for obtaining improved measurements of formation dielectric permittivity, conductivity, and water-filled porosity. The effects of dielectric and conductivity frequency dispersion are considered and utilized. In a disclosed embodiment, an estimated low frequency conductivity of a formation surrounding a borehole is determined using the following steps: deriving a measured value of formation high frequency conductivity from a logging device which traversed the borehole; determining a formation conductivity dispersion ratio as a function of the measured conductivity; and determining an estimated low frequency conductivity from the measured value of high frequency conductivity and the dispersion ratio.
摘要翻译： 阐述测井技术用于获得改进的地层介电常数，导电性和充水孔隙度的测量。 考虑并利用电介质和电导率频率色散的影响。 在公开的实施例中，使用以下步骤确定围绕钻孔的地层的估计的低频率电导率：从穿过钻孔的测井装置导出地层高频电导率的测量值; 确定作为测量的导电率的函数的地层电导率分散比; 以及根据高频电导率的测量值和色散比确定估计的低频电导率。
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7.发明授权Method for estimating rock petrophysical parameters using temperature modified NMR data 有权使用温度改进的NMR数据估算岩石物理参数的方法
公开(公告)号：US06115671A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US243563
申请日：1999-02-03
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/4625
摘要： Carbonate formations yield unreliable, down hole NMR results. Inter alia, these results must be corrected for temperature. The invention features several methods for obtaining more reliable NMR results for rock petrophysical parameters in carbonate rock formations based upon adjusting T.sub.2 data with respect to temperature.
摘要翻译： 碳酸盐岩层产生不可靠的井下NMR结果。 除此之外，这些结果必须根据温度进行更正。 本发明的特征在于基于相对于温度调节T2数据，在碳酸盐岩层中获得岩石岩石物理参数的更可靠的NMR结果的几种方法。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4703277A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-27
申请号：US599888
申请日：1984-04-13
摘要： Well logging techniques are disclosed which use and/or measure formation textural parameters. A disclosed formation textural model is bimodal in nature, and includes fractions of spherical grains and of platey grains having a single aspect ratio. This model is used in obtaining improved well logging recordings.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用和/或测量形成结构参数的测井技术。 所公开的地层纹理模型本质上是双峰的，并且包括具有单一纵横比的球形颗粒和板状颗粒的分数。 该模型用于获得改进的测井记录。
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06522136B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US09528881
申请日：2000-03-20
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01N24/081 , G01R33/4625 , G01V3/32
摘要： A method for determining a characteristic of formations surrounding an earth borehole, includes the following steps: (a) providing a logging device that is moveable through the borehole; (b) producing, from the logging device, a static magnetic field in the formations; (c) transmitting, into the formations, from the logging device, a magnetic pulse sequence and receiving, during the pulse sequence, magnetic resonance spin echo signals; the magnetic pulse sequence having a portion of a pulse acquisition sequence with relatively long pulse spacing times tE,1 and another portion of the pulse acquisition sequence with relatively short pulse spacing times tE,2; and (d) repeating step (c) with pulse spacing times tE,2 that are different than tE,2;(e) deriving respective T2 distributions from the spin echo signals obtained during the another portion of the pulse acquisition sequence of step (c) and during the another portion of the pulse acquisition sequence of step (d); and (f) determining the characteristic of the formations from the respective T2 distributions.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定围绕地球钻孔的地层特征的方法包括以下步骤：（a）提供可通过钻孔移动的测井装置; （b）从测井装置产生地层中的静磁场; （c）在测井装置中将磁脉冲序列传送到地层中，并在脉冲序列期间接收磁共振自旋回波信号; 具有脉冲获取序列的一部分的磁脉冲序列具有相对长的脉冲间隔时间tE，1和脉冲获取序列的另一部分具有相对短的脉冲间隔时间tE，2; 以及（d）以不同于tE，2的脉冲间隔时间tE，2重复步骤（c）;（e）从在步骤（c）的脉冲获取序列的另一部分期间获得的自旋回波信号导出相应的T2分布 ）并且在步骤（d）的脉冲获取序列的另一部分期间; 和（f）从相应的T2分布确定地层的特征。
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公开(公告)号：US4869448A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US273694
申请日：1988-11-21
申请人： William E. Kenyon
发明人： William E. Kenyon
IPC分类号： B60N2/48
CPC分类号： B60N2/4879
摘要： A head restraint system for vehicles including an extensible support provided with energy absorbing devices which limit the rearward angular displacement of the occupant's head. The support is secured to each side of the interior of a vehicle so that the support is positioned horizontal to the top of a seat back and substantially in the same vertical plane as the seat back.
摘要翻译： 一种用于车辆的头枕系统，其包括具有限制乘员头部的向后角位移的能量吸收装置的可伸展支撑件。 支撑件被固定到车辆内部的每一侧，使得支撑件水平地定位在座椅靠背的顶部并且基本上在与座椅靠背相同的垂直平面中。
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